Answer: 600 kJ
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Explanation:
C₃H₈ (g) + 5 O₂ (g) =============== 3 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O (l)
Δ⁰Hf kJ/mol -104 0 -393.5 -285.8
Δ⁰Hcomb C₃H₈ = 3(-393.5) + 4 (-285.80) - (-104) kJ/mol
Δ⁰Hcomb = 2219.70 kJ/mol
n= m /MW MW c₃H₈ = 44.1 g/mol
n= 12 g/44.1 g/mol = 0.27 mol
then for 12 g the heat released will be
0.27 mol x 2219.70 kJ/mol = 600 KJ
There are 4 moles of spectator ions that remain in solution.
The equation of the reaction is;
Na2CO3(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -------> PbCO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
We have to determine the limiting reactant. This is the reactant that yields the least amount of product. Note that the spectator ions are Na^+ and NO3^- that form NaNO3.
For Na2CO3
1 mole of Na2CO3 yields 2 moles of NaNO3
3 moles of Na2CO3 yields 3 × 2/1 = 6 moles of NaNO3
For Pb(NO3)2
1 mole of Pb(NO3)2 yields 2 moles of NaNO3
2 moles of Pb(NO3)2 yields 2 × 2/1 = 4 moles of NaNO3
We can see that Pb(NO3)2 is the limiting reactant.
Since [NaNO3] = [Na^+] = [NO3^-], it follows that there are 4 moles of spectator ions that remain in solution.
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