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lilavasa [31]
3 years ago
12

what is the general formula for straight-chain hydrocarbons with n carbon atoms and m (multiple) double bonds?

Chemistry
1 answer:
Katarina [22]3 years ago
8 0

the formula:

C_{a} H_{2a+2-2x}

where

a - number of the carbon atoms

x - number of double bonds

We take as a example the hydrocarbon with 4 carbon atoms

x = 1 → C_{4} H_{2*4+2-2*1} → C_{4} H_{8}

x = 2 → C_{4} H_{2*4+2-2*2} → C_{4} H_{6}

x = 3 → C_{4} H_{2*4+2-2*3} → C_{4} H_{4}

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An unknown compound contains only C , H , and O . Combustion of 4.20 g of this compound produced 10.3 g CO 2 and 4.20 g H 2 O .
vodomira [7]

Answer:

C4H8O

Explanation:

We can get the answer through calculations as follows.

From the mass of carbon iv oxide produced, we can get the number of moles of carbon produced. We first divide the mass by the molar mass of carbon iv oxide. The molar mass of carbon iv oxide is 44g/mol

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Since there is only one carbon atom in CO2, the number of moles of carbon is same as above

The mass of carbon in the compound is simply the number of moles multiplied by the atomic mass unit. The atomic mass unit of carbon is 12. The mass of carbon in the compound is thus 12 * 0.2341= 2.8091

From the number of moles of water, we can get the number of moles of hydrogen. To get the number of moles of water, we need to divide the mass of water by its molar mass. Its molar mass is 18g/mol. The number of moles here is thus 4.2/18 = 0.2333

But there are 2 atoms of hydrogen in 1 mole of water and thus, the number of moles of hydrogen is 2 * 0.2333 = 0.4667 moles

The mass of hydrogen is thus 0.4667* 1 = 0.4667

The mass of oxygen equals the mass of the compound minus that of hydrogen and that of carbon.

= 4.2 - 0.4667 - 2.8091 = 0.9242

The number of moles of oxygen is the mass of oxygen divided by its atomic mass unit.

That equals 0.9242/16 = 0.0577625 moles

The empirical formula can be obtained by dividing the number of moles of each by the smallest which is that of oxygen

H = 0.4667/0.0577625 = 8

O = 0.0577625/0.0577625 = 1

C = 0.2341/0.0577625 = 4

The empirical formula is thus C4H8O

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What is the mass of 2.40 mol H2O?<br> Answer in units of g.
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By what quantity must the heat capacity be divided to obtain the specific heat of that material
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It will be more useful to compare specific heat capacity, because then it is the amount of heat energy or thermal energy (unit: Joule) needed to raise the temperature of 1 unit mass of the object by 1 degree celsius. You can then compare between 1 unit mass of water and 1 unit mass of iron. 
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The unit will then be J/(kg °C) or J/(g °C).
</span>
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