To calculate MA = force needed/force used
Example
MA = 60/30 = 2
The mechanical advantage is 2
Einstein's energy mass equivalence relation say that if the whole given mass is converted to energy then it would be

where
m = mass in kg
c = speed of light in m/s
this is the origination of quantum physics and by this formula we can relate the dual nature of light and particle
So correct relation above will be

There is no soil in a hole
;)
Substance is some matter (it can be solid liquid or gas) that has its own properties.. everything in this world are substances...
like for example: the bread that we consume has - wheat ..yeast.. sugar.. salt or some other substances
The resistance of the sample is 
Explanation:
The relationship between resistance of a material and temperature is given by the equation

where
is the resistance at the temperature 
is the temperature coefficient of resistance
For the sample of nickel in this problem, we have:
when the temperature is 
While the temperature coefficient of resistance of nickel is

Therefore, the resistance of the sample when its temperature is

is

Learn more about resistance:
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