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saul85 [17]
4 years ago
6

In the process of ionization, what is the relationship between the second ionization energy (I2) and the third ionization energy

(I3)?
Chemistry
1 answer:
dimulka [17.4K]4 years ago
4 0
<span>The first ionization energy is the energy that is obligatory in order to eliminate the first electron from an atom(neutral) in the GAS phase
, the second ionization energy is defined as  the energy required to remove the second electron from an atom(+1 ion) in the GAS phase.
</span>the third ionization energy is the energy it takes to remove an electron from a 2+ ion. (That means that the atom has already lost two electrons, you are now removing the third.) 
<span> Ionization energy will normally increase for every electron that is removed and increases from left to right in the periodic table and moving up the periods
hope it helps</span>
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The m.p. and b.p. of Po, is lower than Te due to

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2 years ago
A solution of phosphoric acid was made by dissolving 10.8 g of H3PO4 in 133.00 mL of water. The resulting volume was 137 mL. Cal
Nesterboy [21]

Answer:

Density is: 1.05 g/ml

Mole fraction solute: 0.015

Mole fraction solvent:  0.095

Molarity: 0.80 M

Molality: 0.82 m

Explanation:

A typical excersise of solution.

It is more confortable to make a table for this.

                |   masss  |  volume  |  mol

solute       |                |                |          

solvent     |                |                |  

solution    |                |                |

Let's complete, what we have.

                 |   masss  |  volume  |  mol

solute       |  10.8g     |                |          

solvent     |                |  133 mL   |  

solution    |                |  137 mL    |

We can first, know how many moles are 10.8 g

Molar Mass H3PO4 = 97.99 g/mol

Mass / Molar mass = mol

10.8 g / 97.99 g/m = 0.110 mol

Density of water is 1 g/ml (it is a very knowly value)

From this data, we can know water mass, solvent.

Density = mass / volume

1 g/ml = mass / 133 mL

Mass = 133 g

We can also have the moles, by the molar mass of water 18 g/m

133 g / 18 g/m = 7.39 mol

                 |   masss  |  volume  |  mol

solute       |   10.8g     |                |   0.110 mol      

solvent     |   133g      |  133 mL   |  7.39 mol

solution    |   143.8g   |  137 mL   | 7.50 mol

Mass of solution will be solute mass + solvent mass

Moles of solution will be solute moles + solvent moles

Now we can calculate everything.

Molarity means mol of solute in 1 L of solution. (mol/L)

We have to convert 137 mL in L (/1000)

0.137L so → 0.110 m / 0.137L = 0.80 M

Molality means mol of solute in 1kg of solvent.

We have to convert 133g in kg (/1000)

0.133 kg so → 0.110 m/0.133 kg = 0.82 m

Density is mass / volume

Solution density will be solution mass / solution volume

143.8 g/137 mL = 1.05 g/m

Molar fraction is : solute moles / total moles  or  solvent moles/total moles.

You can also (x 100%) to have a percent of them.

Remember sum of molar fraction = 1

Molar fraction of solute = 0.110 mol / 7.50mol = 0.015

Molar fraction of solvent = 7.39 mol / 7.50 mol = 0.985

5 0
3 years ago
The second-order diffraction for a gold crystal is at an angle of 22.20o for X-rays of 154 pm. What is the spacing between the c
Alenkinab [10]

<u>Answer:</u> The spacing between the crystal planes is 4.07\times 10^{-10}m

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the spacing between the crystal planes, we use the equation given by Bragg, which is:

n\lambda =2d\sin \theta

where,

n = order of diffraction = 2

\lambda = wavelength of the light = 154pm=1.54\times 10^{-10}m     (Conversion factor:  1m=10^{12}pm )

d = spacing between the crystal planes = ?

\theta = angle of diffraction = 22.20°

Putting values in above equation, we get:

2\times 1.54\times 10^{-10}=2d\sin (22.20)\\\\d=\frac{2\times 1.54\times 10^{-10}}{2\times \sin (22.20)}\\\\d=4.07\times 10^{-10}m

Hence, the spacing between the crystal planes is 4.07\times 10^{-10}m

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an ideal otto cycle with argon as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cy
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The specific heat of gases can be taken roughly as a constant for differences in the order of 100⁰ C from ambient. Variation is crucial and cannot be disregarded for temperatures of more than, let's say 500 ⁰C or 1000⁰C.

  1. The ideal gas constant is the difference between cp and cv for low pressures (the ideal gas).
  2. The classical statistical physics principles for ideal non-interacting gases are found in any university physics primer.
  3. The demonstration that pV/T = constant is typically included in texts on macroscopic thermodynamics suggests that while temperature changes depend on specific heats, the opposite is also true.
  4. Real gas behavior requires a more complex explanation.
  5. As a result, we employ two techniques to determine the specific heat of gases: at constant volume and constant pressure.
  6. The value of the heat capacity at constant pressure is always greater than the value of the heat capacity at constant volume because the former also takes into account the value of the heat energy required to expand the substance against the constant pressure as its temperature rises.

To learn about Real gas

<u>brainly.com/question/17355868</u>

#SPJ4

8 0
1 year ago
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