Answer:
is the isotopic notation of the atom
Explanation:
The isotope notation is:

<em>Where a is the mass number = Number of protons + Number of neutrons</em>
<em>b is atomic number = Number of protons</em>
The atomic number define the nature of the atom, the element with atomic number = 15 is phosphorus, P:

a = 15 protons + 16 neutrons = 31
b = 15
is the isotopic notation of the atom.
If you have to write the chemical formula of a simple, binary ionic compound given the name of the compound, you follow a set of three steps. Let's go through them using magnesium chloride as an example. Write the symbols for the cation and the anion: Mg and Cl. Determine the charge on the cation and anion.
I would believe the answer to this question is D. According to the concept of the tragedy of the commons, shared resources are used by more than one organism. Due to the large consumption of shared resources they start to be fewer and fewer in number and over time if we are not careful they will be depleted.
Answer: last option, what came before the big bang?
Explanation:
The big bang theory states that the universe started as a dense nucleus of matter: a huge amount of matter concentrated in a tiny spot.
This is the conclusion of equations and evidences that prove that the universe has been and continuous to expand: since it has been expanding, there was a moment when it was as small and dense as it is possible.
So, the expansion is the result of violent explosion.
The time during which the expansion has been happening (this is how long ago the big bang occured) has been estimated thanks the the observation of the speed of recesion of the galaxies, but nothing can be told about what came before the bing bang occured.