Answer:
Explanation:
From the given information, the LED is operating with a given wavelength of 850 nm or 0.85 μm.
Hence, the material dispersion is
Now, using the pulse spread formula:
Thus, the pulse spreading as a result of material dispersion is:
Answer:
Volcanic lightning is created when a volcano erupts and lots of tiny fine particles of volcanic ash form a cloud. Friction between the particles of ash and the gases emitted from the eruption cause differentces that create lightning. Friction between the particles of ash and the gases emitted from the eruption cause differentces that create lightning. The lightning usually occurs between clouds and from the eruption column to the crater.
Explanation:
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As the skateboard rolls down the ramp it loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy.
F = k(Q₁Q₂)/r²
where k is Coulomb's constant 8.99e9
F = 8.99e9(2.8e-6)²/0.5² = 0.2819N