What is a substance?
1 answer:
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The kinetic energy and the physical state of water depend strongly on the temperature;
- Firstly, The kinetic energy of water on a hot stove is higher than that on the counter in the freezer; that the kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature according to the relation:
; where R is the universal gas constant, T is the temperature and NA is Avogadro number.
As the temperature increases, the speed of colliding molecules increases and the kinetic energy increases.
- Secondly, The physical state of water depends on the temperature; water has three states (gas, liquid and solid) depends on the temperature.
- If a glass of water is putt on the counter in the freezer, it will be converted to the solid state (ice).
- And, as if it is putt on a hot stove, it will be vapor (gaseous state).
Answer:
Statements Y and Z.
Explanation:
The Van der Waals equation is the next one:
(1)
The ideal gas law is the following:
(2)
<em>where n: is the moles of the gas, R: is the gas constant, T: is the temperature, P: is the measured pressure, V: is the volume of the container, and a and b: are measured constants for a specific gas. </em>
As we can see from equation (1), the Van der Waals equation introduces two terms that correct the P and the V of the ideal gas equation (2),<u> by the incorporation of the intermolecular interaction between the gases and the gases volume</u>. The term an²/V² corrects the P of the ideal gas equation since the measured pressure is decreased by the attraction forces between the gases. The term nb corrects the V of the ideal gas equation, <u>taking into account the volume occuppied by the gas in the total volume, which implies</u> a reduction of the total space available for the gas molecules.
So, the correct statements are the Y and Z: the non-zero volumes of the gas particles effectively decrease the amount of "empty space" between them and the molecular attractions between gas particles decrease the pressure exerted by the gas.
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