Answer and Explanation:
the electronic devices always have some noises present in the signal
there are some important considerations in optical fiber communications these are.
- the noise which is contributed by transmitter are electronic random noise, low frequency noise
- noise which is contributed by laser are relative intensity noise, mode partition noise, conversion of phase noise to amplitude noise.
- noise contributed by photo detector are quantum shot noise, shot noise from dark current, avalanche multiplication noise.
PRINCIPLE OF POPULATION INVERSION :
The principle of population inversion is defined as for production of high percentage of simulated emission for a laser beam the number of atoms in higher state should be greater than lower energy state
Answer:
The amount of kilograms of ice at -20.0°C that must be dropped into the water to make the final temperature of the system 40.0°C = 0.0674 kg
Explanation:
Heat gained by ice in taking the total temperature to 40°C = Heat lost by the water
Total Heat gained by ice = Heat used by ice to move from -20°C to 0°C + Heat used to melt at 0°C + Heat used to reach 40°C from 0°C
To do this, we require the specific heat capacity of ice, latent heat of ice and the specific heat capacity of water. All will be obtained from literature.
Specific heat capacity of ice = Cᵢ = 2108 J/kg.°C
Latent heat of ice = L = 334000 J/kg
Specific heat capacity of water = C = 4186 J/kg.°C
Heat gained by ice in taking the total temperature to 40°C = mCᵢ ΔT + mL + mC ΔT = m(2108)(0 - (-20)) + m(334000) + m(4186)(40 - 0) = 42160m + 334000m + 167440m = 543600 m
Heat lost by water = mC ΔT = 0.25 (4186)(75 - 40) = 36627.5 J
543600 m = 36627.5
m = 0.0674 kg = 67.4 g of ice.
Answer:
- The distance between the charges is 5,335.026 m
Explanation:
To obtain the forces between the particles, we can use Coulomb's Law in scalar form, this is, the force between the particles will be:
where k is Coulomb's constant, 
and 
are the charges and d is the distance between the charges.
Working a little the equation, we can take:
And this equation will give us the distance between the charges. Taking the values of the problem
(the force has a minus sign, as its attractive)
And this is the distance between the charges.
Answer:
Option A = 1.
Explanation:
So, in order to solve this question we are given the Important infomation or data or parameters in the question above as;
(1). First, Both objects A and D represent fixed.
(2). Both objects A and D are negatively-charged particles of equal magnitude.
(3). "Object B represents a fixed, positively-charged particle (equal, but opposite charge from A and D)."
(4). "Object C shows a moving, positively-charged particle."
So, our mission is to determine the arrow that would correctly show the force of attraction or repulsion on object C caused by the other two objects.
We can do that by drawing out the forces of attraction and the resultants. Therefore, CHECK THE ATTACHED FILE/PICTURE FOR THE DRAWINGS.
The forces of attraction due to objects A and B on on object C will be towards themselves. Hence, the resultant is ONE(1).
