A spelunker is surveying a cave. She follows a passage that takes her a distance 184 m straight west, then a distance 220 m in a
direction 30.0 degrees south of east, then a distance 104 m at 80.0 degrees east of north. After a fourth unmeasured displacement she find herself back where she started. Use the method of components to find the magnitude and direction of the fourth displacement.
2 answers:
Refer to the diagram shown below.
Define the unit vector i to point in the eastern direction, and the unit vector j to point in the northern direction.
The first distance is 184 m west. It is represented by
d₁ = -184 i
The second distance is 220 m at 30° south of east. It is
d₂ = 220(cos 30° i - sin 30° j) = 190.53 i - 110 j
The third distance is 104 m at 80 east of north. It is
d₃ = 104(sin 80° i + cos 80° j) = 102.42 i + 18.06 j
Let the fourth distance be
d₄ = a i + b j
Because the traveler ends back at the original position, the vector sum of the distances is zero. It means that each component of the vector sum is zero.
The x-component yields
-184 + 190.53 + 102.42 + a = 0
a = -108.95
The y-component yields
0 - 110 + 18.06 + b = 0
b = 91.94
The magnitude of the fourth displacement is
√[(-108.95)² + 91.94² ] = 142.56 m
The direction is at an angle θ north of west, given by
θ = tan⁻¹ (91.94/108.95) = 40.2°
Answer:
The fourth displacement has a magnitude of 142.56 m. It is about 40° north of west.
Define the unit vector i to point in the eastern direction, and the unit vector j to point in the northern direction.
The first distance is 184 m west. It is represented by
d₁ = -184 i
The second distance is 220 m at 30° south of east. It is
d₂ = 220(cos 30° i - sin 30° j) = 190.53 i - 110 j
The third distance is 104 m at 80 east of north. It is
d₃ = 104(sin 80° i + cos 80° j) = 102.42 i + 18.06 j
Let the fourth distance be
d₄ = a i + b j
Because the traveler ends back at the original position, the vector sum of the distances is zero. It means that each component of the vector sum is zero.
The x-component yields
-184 + 190.53 + 102.42 + a = 0
a = -108.95
The y-component yields
0 - 110 + 18.06 + b = 0
b = 91.94
The magnitude of the fourth displacement is
√[(-108.95)² + 91.94² ] = 142.56 m
The direction is at an angle θ north of west, given by
θ = tan⁻¹ (91.94/108.95) = 40.2°
Answer:
The fourth displacement has a magnitude of 142.56 m. It is about 40° north of west.
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