All of the above as it states that "<span>a particle attracts every other particle in the universe using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers"</span>
the person on the boat is moving 15mph on the boat and throws the ball 10mph. you add that together its 25mph. the other person is standing on land so their is no extra speed.
Such type of atmosphere in which oxygen was not present or was present in little amount is known as the primitive atmosphere and such type of atmosphere was present in the initial stage of the earth formation.
During this period, water vapor, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases were present.
These gases interact with the help of energy that comes from many sources such as lightning, ultraviolet radiation, electric spark and some other.
When these inorganic molecules react in the then the formation of organic compounds takes place that becomes the basis of the organization of the life on the earth and called an organic evolution of life.
