The first one is decreases because there are less molecules in the air.
The second on would be the last option, August 29, because a new moon occurs every 29 days.
The answer for the last one would be A, I presume, because when air masses arrive at a destination, it becomes dry.
Efficiency = (useful output) / (input)
Efficiency = (35 J) / (125 J) = 0.28 = 28%