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3 years ago

What can be made in a laboratory

2 answers:

8 0

<span>Synthetic gem crystals have been manufactured since the late 1800s, and their production is often marked by a need for them in industrial applications outside of the jewelry industry. The first success was in producing synthetic ruby of faceting quality. Synthetic crystals are used in communications and laser technology, microelectronics, and abrasives. Because synthetics for jewelry applications can be “made to order” [i.e. consistent color and crystal shape] given the right ingredients, time, and the facilities to grow them, they are likely to be much less rare than natural gems of equal size, clarity, and saturation of color. Because of this, and because it is possible to confuse them with gems that are naturally occurring, there are strict guidelines regarding how they are marketed and sold. so that is you answer </span>

ss7ja [257]3 years ago

8 0

I'm not really sure how to answer this. Like, what can't be made in a laboratory?

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Consider 100.0 g samples of two different compounds consisting only of carbon and oxygen. One compound contains 27.2 g of carbon

Pani-rosa [81]

<u>Answer:</u> The ratio of carbon in both the compounds is 1 : 2

<u>Explanation:</u>

Law of multiple proportions states that when two elements combine to form two or more compounds in more than one proportion. The mass of one element that combine with a given mass of the other element are present in the ratios of small whole number. For Example: $Cu_2O\text{ and }CuO$

<u>For Sample 1:</u>

Total mass of sample = 100 g

Mass of carbon = 27.2 g

Mass of oxygen = (100 - 27.7) = 72.8 g

To formulate the formula of the compound, we need to follow some steps:

<u>Step 1:</u> Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon = $\frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{27.2g}{12g/mole}=2.26moles$

Moles of Oxygen = $\frac{\text{Given mass of oxygen}}{\text{Molar mass of oxygen}}=\frac{72.8g}{16g/mole}=4.55moles$

<u>Step 2:</u> Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 2.26 moles.

For Carbon = $\frac{2.26}{2.26}=1$

For Oxygen = $\frac{4.55}{2.26}=2.01\approx 2$

<u>Step 3:</u> Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : O = 1 : 2

Hence, the formula for sample 1 is $CO_2$

<u>For Sample 2:</u>

Total mass of sample = 100 g

Mass of carbon = 42.9 g

Mass of oxygen = (100 - 42.9) = 57.1 g

To formulate the formula of the compound, we need to follow some steps:

<u>Step 1:</u> Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon = $\frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{42.9g}{12g/mole}=3.57moles$

Moles of Oxygen = $\frac{\text{Given mass of oxygen}}{\text{Molar mass of oxygen}}=\frac{57.1g}{16g/mole}=3.57moles$

<u>Step 2:</u> Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 3.57 moles.

For Carbon = $\frac{3.57}{3.57}=1$

For Oxygen = $\frac{3.57}{3.57}=1$

<u>Step 3:</u> Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : O = 1 : 1

Hence, the formula for sample 1 is $CO$

In the given samples, we need to fix the ratio of oxygen atoms.

So, in sample one, the atom ratio of oxygen and carbon is 2 : 1.

Thus, for 1 atom of oxygen, the atoms of carbon required will be = $\frac{1}{2}\times 1=\frac{1}{2}$

Now, taking the ratio of carbon atoms in both the samples, we get:

$C_1:C_2=\frac{1}{2}:1=1:2$

Hence, the ratio of carbon in both the compounds is 1 : 2

8 0

2 years ago

The following compound has been found effective in treating pain and inflammation (J. Med Chem. 2007, 4222). Which sequence corr

love history [14]

<h3><u>Full Question:</u></h3>

The following compound has been found effective in treating pain and inflammation (J. Med. Chem. 2007, 4222). Which sequence correctly ranks each carbonyl group in order of increasing reactivity toward nucleophilic addition?

A) 1 < 2 < 3

B) 2 < 3 < 1

C) 3 < 1 < 2

D) 1 < 3 < 2

<h3><u>Answer: </u></h3>

The rate of nucleophilic attack of carbonyl compounds is 2<3 <1.

Option B

<h3><u>Explanation. </u></h3>

Nucleophilic attack is explained as the attack of an electron rich radical to a carbonyl compound like aldehyde or a ketone. A nucleophile has a high electron density, so it searches for a electropositive atom where it can donate a portion of its electron density and become stable.

A carbonyl compound is a $sp^2$ hybridized carbon atom with a double bonded oxygen atom in it. The oxygen atom pulls a huge portion of electron density from carbon being very electropositive.

In a ketone, there are two factors that make it less likely to undergo a nucleophilic attack than aldehyde. Firstly, the steric hindrance of two carbon groups being attached with the carbonyl carbon makes it harder for the nucleophile to approach. Secondly, the electron push by the carbon groups attached makes the carbonyl carbon a bit less electropositive than the aldehyde one. So aldehydes are more reactive towards a nucleophilic addition reaction.

7 0

3 years ago

Which of these correctly describes the energy that makes the carousel turn

Dmitrij [34]

Answer:

Explanation:

A carousel can be made to rotate using different sources of energy. One may decide to use electric energy, manual effort, water energy or heat energy as in a candle carousel.

When the candle is lit, heat energy is supplied and warm air rises heating up the air near the carousel eventually causing it to start rotating.

Hence heat from the candle leads to a current of warm air that rises up, causing the carousel to start rotating.

8 0

3 years ago

How many electrons can the innermost shell of an atom have?

ss7ja [257]

There can only be two electrons in the innermost shell of an atom so b is the correct answer

5 0

3 years ago

Carbon dioxide and water react to form bicarbonate ion and hydronium ion. Hyperventilation (rapid breathing) causes more carbon

Pani-rosa [81]

Answer:When a person hyperventilates they exhale more carbon dioxide than normal. As a result the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood is reduced and the bicarbonate/carbonic acid equilibrium shifts to the left. The corresponding drop in H3O+ concentration causes an increase in pH.

Explanation:

5 0

2 years ago