Not sure what you are asking. I have two possible answers though...
It could either be more negatively charged, or valence electrons.
The more away from the nucleus a electron is, the more negatively charged it is.
The electrons on the outermost electron shell is valence electrons.
Again, I don't know what you were asking, but one of these answers may be correct.
Answer:
3.
D. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA)
Explanation:
4.C. 62.0 kph
Answer:
[C₆H₅COO⁻][H₃O⁺]/[C₆H₅COOH] = Ka
Explanation:
The reaction of dissociation of the benzoic acid in water is given by the following equation:
C₆H₅-COOH + H₂O ⇄ C₆H₅-COO⁻ + H₃O⁺ (1)
The dissociation constant of an acid is the measure of the strength of an acid:
HA ⇄ A⁻ + H⁺ (2)
![K_{a} = \frac{[A^{-}][H^{+}]}{[HA]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20K_%7Ba%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5BH%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BHA%5D%7D%20)
(3)
<em>Where the dissociation constant of the acid (Ka) is equal to the ratio of the concentration of the dissociated forms of the acid, [A⁻][H⁺], and the concentration of the acid, [HA]. </em>
So, starting from the equations (2) and (3), the constant equation for the dissociation reaction of benzoic acid in water, of the equation (1), is:
![K_{a} = \frac{[C_{6}H_{5}COO^{-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[C_{6}H_{5}COOH]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20K_%7Ba%7D%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BC_%7B6%7DH_%7B5%7DCOO%5E%7B-%7D%5D%5BH_%7B3%7DO%5E%7B%2B%7D%5D%7D%7B%5BC_%7B6%7DH_%7B5%7DCOOH%5D%7D%20)
I hope it helps you!
44. (a) N2O3 (b) SF4 (c) AlCl3 (d) Li2CO3
46. H Br
δ+ δ−
48. The metallic potassium atoms lose one electron and form +1 cations,
and the nonmetallic fluorine atoms gain one electron and form –1 anions.
K → K+
+ e–
19p/19e–
19p/18e–
F + e–
→ F–
9p/9e–
9p/10e–
The ionic bonds are the attractions between K+
cations and F–
anions.
50. See Figure 3.6.
52. (a) covalent…nonmetal-nonmetal (b) ionic…metal-nonmetal
54. (a) all nonmetallic atoms - molecular (b) metal-nonmetal - ionic
56. (a) 7 (b) 4
58. Each of the following answers is based on the assumption that nonmetallic
atoms tend to form covalent bonds in order to get an octet (8) of
electrons around each atom, like the very stable noble gases (other than
helium). Covalent bonds (represented by lines in Lewis structures) and lone
pairs each contribute two electrons to the octet.
(a) oxygen, O
If oxygen atoms form two covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Water is an example:
H O H
(b) fluorine, F
If fluorine atoms form one covalent bond, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, is an example:
H F
(c) carbon, C
If carbon atoms form four covalent bonds, they will have an octet of electrons
around them. Methane, CH4, is an example:
H H
H
H
C
(d) phosphorus, P
If phosphorus atoms form three covalent bonds, they will have an octet
