Which statement about spontaneous and nonspontaneous processes is correct? Spontaneous processes are favored by a decrease in H,
2 answers:
Answer: Spontaneous processes are favored by a decrease in H, but nonspontaneous reactions are favored by an increase in H.
Explanation:
= gibbs free energy
= change in enthalpy
= change in entropy
For a reaction to be spontaneous, = -ve. For this
has to be negative i.e. there should be a decrease in enthalpy and
has to be positive i.e. there should be a increase in entropy.
You might be interested in
Answer:
Complete ionic: .
Net ionic: .
Explanation:
Start by identifying species that exist as ions. In general, such species include:
- Soluble salts.
- Strong acids and strong bases.
All four species in this particular question are salts. However, only three of them are generally soluble in water: ,
, and
. These three salts will exist as ions:
- Each
formula unit will exist as one
ion and one
ion.
- Each
formula unit will exist as one
ion and two
ions (note the subscript in the formula
.)
- Each
formula unit will exist as one
On the other hand, is generally insoluble in water. This salt will not form ions.
Rewrite the original chemical equation to get the corresponding ionic equation. In this question, rewrite ,
, and
(three soluble salts) as the corresponding ions.
Pay attention to the coefficient of each species. For example, indeed each formula unit will exist as only one
ion and one
ion. However, because the coefficient of
in the original equation is two,
alone should correspond to two
ions and two
ions.
Do not rewrite the salt because it is insoluble.
.
Eliminate ions that are present on both sides of this ionic equation. In this question, such ions include one unit of and two units of
. Doing so will give:
.
Simplify the coefficients:
.
2-7-1
<h3>Further explanation </h3>Electrons can move the shell up or down by releasing energy or absorbing energy
Excited electrons show higher electron transfer to the shell by absorbing energy
So it can be concluded that there are 2 conditions:
Ground state is the state of electrons filling shell with the lowest energy levels.
Excited state is the state of electrons which occupies a higher energy level
The state of excited electrons can be seen from the presence of electrons which do not fill the skin completely but fill the skin afterward
2-7-1
From its 8 electron configuration, filling 3 shells, 2 electrons in the firs shell, 7 electrons in the second shell and 1 electron in the third shell
the electrons in the third shell should fill the electrons in the second shell first according to Aufbau rule (lower energy shells)