When light passes through one transparent medium to another transperent medium it bends and that beding of light is know as refraction of light !
Explanation:
Orbital speed= 2pi x radius / time period
=2pi x 1.5x10^11 / 365.25
=2.58x10^9m/day
Actually, when the refrigeration liquid is vaporized, the cooling effect is produced
The work-energy theorem states that the change in kinetic energy of the particle is equal to the work done on the particle:

The work done on the particle is the integral of the force on dx:

So, this corresponds to the change in kinetic energy of the particle.