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3 years ago

What is a chemical entity that forms a complex ion around a central atom?

1 answer:

7 0

A coordination complex consists of a central atom or Jon, which usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligand or complexing agents

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Determine if each statement is True or False. [ Select ] Central atoms with four electron groups will be sp3 hybridized. [ Selec

meriva

Answer:

Central atoms with four electron groups will be sp3 hybridized. True

Hybrid orbitals are delocalized over the entire molecule. False

The number of hybrid orbitals is equal to the number of atomic orbitals that are blended together. True

Atoms with a single pi bond and an octet are sp2 hybridized. True

Sometimes oxygen atoms will be sp3d hybridized in organic molecules. False

All resonance structures must be considered when assigning hybridization. False

Explanation:

When a central atom has four electron groups attached to it, then it must be sp3 hybridized. This is the case in ammonia, water, hydrogen sulphide, methane etc.

Hybridization is a valence bond concept while delocalization is a molecular orbital theory concept. Hybridized orbitals are localized on central atoms in a molecule while delocalized orbitals spread across the entire molecule.

According to valence bond theory, the number of atomic orbitals that combined to give hybrid orbitals must be equal to the number of hybrid orbitals formed.

When an atom has a single pi bond and on octet of electrons, then it must be sp2 hybridized. Remember that in ethene for instance, carbon has one pi bond and an octet of electrons.

Oxygen has an empty n=3 level hence it can not have d-orbitals involved in hybridization.

The electron domain geometry of the molecule is considered when assigning hybridization and not the resonance structures. All the resonance structures must have the central atom in the same hybridization state.

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3 years ago

28) Consider a 21.0 mL sample of pure lemon juice with a citric acid (H3C6H5O7) concentration of 0.30M. a. How many moles of cir

Damm [24]

<h3>#a. Answer:</h3>

0.0063 mole

<h3>Solution and explanation:</h3>

We are given 21.0 mL citric acid with a concentration of 0.30 M

Part a requires we calculate the number of moles of citric acid.

We need to know how to calculate the concentration of a solution;

Concentration or molarity = Number of moles ÷ Volume of the solution

Thus;

Number of moles = Concentration × Volume

Hence;

Moles = 0.30 M × 0.021 L

= 0.0063 mole

<h3>#b. Answer</h3>

1.21 g citric acid

<h3>Solution</h3>

Part B

We are required to calculate the mass of citric acid in the sample

Number of moles of a compound is calculated by dividing its mass by its molar mass.

Molar mass of Citric acid = 192.124 g/mol

Moles of citric acid = 0.0063 mole

But; Mass = Number of moles × Molar mass

Mass of citric acid = 0.0063 mol × 192.124 g/mol

= 1.21 g citric acid

<h3>#c. Answer</h3>

4.167 mL

<h3>Solution:</h3>

Part C

We are required to determine the initial volume before dilution;

We have;

Initial concentration (M1) = 0.30 M

Final volume (V2) = 250 mL or 0.25 L

Final concentration (M2) = 0.0050 M

Using the dilution formula we can get the initial volume;

Therefore, since; M1V1 =M2V2

V1 = M2V2÷M1

= (0.0050 × 0.25)÷ 0.30

= 0.004167 L or

= 4.167 mL

Therefore, the initial volume of the solution is 4.167 mL

8 0

3 years ago

If a liquid sample of naphthalene is heated and remains at 218 degrees c until it is completely vaporized, you know that 218 deg

Alexxandr [17]

<span>The correct answer is b. Boiling point, why? because the liquid sample of napthalene is heated and remained at the temperature of 218 degrees celsius, the outcome was that the napthalene was completely vaporized, therefore we are given the scenario that at the temperature of 218 degrees celsius is considered to be the boiling pont of napthalene.</span>

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Determine the number of significant figures in the measurement quantity: 2600. kg.

xxMikexx [17]

Answer:

2600 kg has 4 significant figures

Explanation:

Any different number to zero is a significant figure

For example, 1.8 → 2 significant figures

When you have 0 in the middle of two numbers, we consider it as a significant number

For example, 3.02 → 3 significant figures

When you have 0 on the left in the measure, we do not consider as a sgnificant figures

For example 0.0010 → 2 significant figures (10)

3.0 → 2 significant figures (0 is on the right, not the left)

7 0

3 years ago

How are antibodies and receptor molecules function similarly

Montano1993 [528]

Answer:

Antigens are molecules capable of stimulating an immune response. Each antigen has distinct surface features, or epitopes, resulting in specific responses. Antibodies (immunoglobins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in response to exposure to antigens.

7 0

3 years ago