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2 years ago

List irreversibilities

Engineering

1 answer:

natali 33 [55]2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Some of the irreversibilities are listed below:

Plastic deformation of solids
Transfer of heat over finite difference of temperature
When two fluids are mixed together the process is irreversible
Combustion of a gas
Current flowing through a finite resistor
Diffusion and free compression or expansion of gas
Relative motion of body with force of friction
Processes involving chemical reactions(spontaneous)

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Directing, ordering, or controlling

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Nearlyof all serious occupational injuries and illnesses stem from overexertion of repetitive motion.

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Answer:

a) 1/2

Explanation:

Overexertion accounted for more than half of all events that resulted in a disabling condition.

Furthermore, 30% of all overexertion cases were reported in the services industry, on the other hand, 25% of injuries resulting from contact with objects and equipment occurred in the manufacturing industry.

The above piece of information is taken from the bureau of labor statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

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3 years ago

In an orthogonal cutting operation, the tool has a rake angle = 12°. The chip thickness before the cut = 0.32 mm and the cut yie

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Answer:

The shear plane angle and shear strain are 28.21° and 2.155 respectively.

Explanation:

(a)

Orthogonal cutting is the cutting process in which cutting direction or cutting velocity is perpendicular to the cutting edge of the part surface.

Given:

Rake angle is 12°.

Chip thickness before cut is 0.32 mm.

Chip thickness is 0.65 mm.

Calculation:

Step1

Chip reduction ratio is calculated as follows:

$r=\frac{t}{t_{c}}$

$r=\frac{0.32}{0.65}$

r = 0.4923

Step2

Shear angle is calculated as follows:

$tan\phi=\frac{rcos\alpha}{1-rsin\alpha}$

Here, $\phi$ is shear plane angle, r is chip reduction ratio and $\alpha$ is rake angle.

Substitute all the values in the above equation as follows:

$tan\phi=\frac{rcos\alpha}{1-rsin\alpha}$

$tan\phi=\frac{0.4923cos12^{\circ}}{1-0.4923sin12^{\circ}}$

$tan\phi=\frac{0.48155}{0.8976}$

$\phi=28.21^{\circ}$

Thus, the shear plane angle is 28.21°.

(b)

Step3

Shears train is calculated as follows:

$\gamma=cot\phi+tan(\phi-\alpha)$

$\gamma=cot28.21^{\circ}+tan(28.21^{\circ}-12^{\circ})$ $\gamma = 2.155$ .

Thus, the shear strain rate is 2.155.

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3 years ago

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