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JulsSmile [24]
3 years ago
6

An element with an electronegativity of 0.9 bonds with an element with an electronegativity of 3.1.. Which phase best describes

the bond between the elements
Chemistry
1 answer:
eduard3 years ago
3 0
Electronegativity is the strength an atom has to attract a bonding pair of electrons to itself. When a chlorine atom covalently bonds to another chlorine atom, the shared electron pair is shared equally. The electron density that comprises the covalent bond is located halfway between the two atoms.

But what happens when the two atoms involved in a bond aren’t the same? The two positively charged nuclei have different attractive forces; they “pull” on the electron pair to different degrees. The end result is that the electron pair is shifted toward one atom.

ATTRACTING ELECTRONS: ELECTRONEGATIVITIES

The larger the value of the electronegativity, the greater the atom’s strength to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The following figure shows the electronegativity values of the various elements below each element symbol on the periodic table. With a few exceptions, the electronegativities increase, from left to right, in a period, and decrease, from top to bottom, in a family.

Electronegativities give information about what will happen to the bonding pair of electrons when two atoms bond. A bond in which the electron pair is equally shared is called a nonpolar covalent bond. You have a nonpolar covalent bond anytime the two atoms involved in the bond are the same or anytime the difference in the electronegativities of the atoms involved in the bond is very small.



Now consider hydrogen chloride (HCl). Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.1, and chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.0. The electron pair that is bonding HCl together shifts toward the chlorine atom because it has a larger electronegativity value.

A bond in which the electron pair is shifted toward one atom is called a polar covalent bond. The atom that more strongly attracts the bonding electron pair is slightly more negative, while the other atom is slightly more positive. The larger the difference in the electronegativities, the more negative and positive the atoms become.

Now look at a case in which the two atoms have extremely different electronegativities — sodium chloride (NaCl). Sodium chloride is ionically bonded. An electron has transferred from sodium to chlorine. Sodium has an electronegativity of 1.0, and chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.0.

That’s an electronegativity difference of 2.0 (3.0 – 1.0), making the bond between the two atoms very, very polar. In fact, the electronegativity difference provides another way of predicting the kind of bond that will form between two elements, as indicated in the following table.

Electronegativity DifferenceType of Bond Formed0.0 to 0.2nonpolar covalent0.3 to 1.4polar covalent> 1.5ionic

The presence of a polar covalent bond in a molecule can
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Niven wants to calculate the mass of mgo that is produced by burning of 28.0g of mg. What is the first step in nivens calculatio
babymother [125]

Answer: -

The experiment Niven is doing is burning of Mg.

The first step would be finding the molar mass of MgO

Atomic mass of Mg = 24 g

Atomic mass of Oxygen = 16 g

Molar mass of MgO = 24 x 1 + 16 x 1 = 40 g

The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is

2 Mg + O2 -- > 2MgO

From the balanced equation we see that

2 Mg gives 2 MgO

2 x24 g of Mg O gives 2 x 40 g of MgO.

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8 0
3 years ago
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For the chemical reaction
polet [3.4K]

Answer:

806.3g

Explanation:

Given parameters:

 Number of moles of silver nitrate  = 4.85mol

Unknown:

Mass of silver chromate = ?

Solution:

         2AgNO₃ + Na₂CrO₄  →  Ag₂CrO₄ + 2NaNO₃

To solve this problem, we work from the known to the unknown;

  • The known specie here is  AgNO₃ ;

   From the balanced chemical equation;

          2 moles of AgNO₃  will produce 1 mole of Ag₂CrO₄

          4.85 moles of AgNO₃  will produce \frac{4.85}{2}   = 2.43moles of Ag₂CrO₄

  • Mass of silver chromate produced;

        mass = number of moles x molar mass

   Molar mass of  Ag₂CrO₄

    Atomic mass of Ag = 107.9g/mol

                                 Cr  = 52g/mol

                                  O  = 16g/mol

  Input the parameters and solve;

     Molar mass  = 2(107.9) + 52 + 4(16) = 331.8g/mol

  So,

        Mass of Ag₂CrO₄ = 2.43 x 331.8 = 806.3g

     

8 0
3 years ago
Consider the following data showing the initial rate of a reaction (A→products) at several different concentrations of A.
OlgaM077 [116]

Answer:

(1) order = 2

(2) R = K [A]²

Explanation:

Given the reaction:

A--------->Product

The rate constant relation for the reaction is given as:

R(i) = K [A]............(*)

Where R(I) is rate constant at different concentration of A.

Taking the rate constant as R1, R2 and R3 for the different concentrations respectively. Then the following equations results

0.011 = K [0.15] ⁿ.........(1)

0.044 = K [0.30]ⁿ .......(2)

0.177 = K [0.60]ⁿ .........(3)

Dividing (2) by (1) and (3) by (1)

Gives:

0.044/0.011 = [0.3/0.15]ⁿ

4 = 2ⁿ; 2² = 2ⁿ; n = 2

Similarly

0.177/0.011 = [0.60/0.15]ⁿ

16.09 = 4ⁿ

16.09 = 16 (approximately)

4² = 4ⁿ ; n = 2

Hence the order of the reaction is 2.

The rate law is R = K [A]²

4 0
3 years ago
Hydrocyanic acid, HCN, is a weak acid. (a) Write the chemical equation for the dissociation of HCN in water. (b) Identify the Br
12345 [234]

Answer: a) HCN(aq.)+H_2O\rightleftharoons H_3O^+(aq.)+CN^-(aq.)

b) HCN : acid CN^- :conjugate base.

And, H_2O : base H_3O^+: conjugate acid.

c) HCN(aq.)+NaOH(aq)\rightleftharoons NaCN(aq.)+H_2O(l)

d) NaCN(aq)\rightarrow Na^+(aq.)+CN^-(aq)

e) NaCN(aq)+HCl(aq)\rightarrow NaCl(aq.)+HCN(aq)

Explanation:

a) Weak acid is defined as the acid which does not completely dissociates when dissolved in water. They have high pH. These releases H^+ ions in their aqueous states.

The equation for the dissociation of HCN acid is given by:

HCN(aq.)+H_2O\rightleftharoons H_3O^+(aq.)+CN^-(aq.)

b) According to the Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base theory, an acid is defined as a substance which looses donates protons and thus forming conjugate base and a base is defined as a substance which accepts protons and thus forming conjugate acid.

For the given chemical equation:

HCN is loosing a proton, thus it is considered as an acid and after losing a proton, it forms CN^- which is a conjugate base.

And, H_2O is gaining a proton, thus it is considered as a base and after gaining a proton, it forms H_3O^+ which is a conjugate acid.

c) Neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid reacts with base to produce salt and water.

HCN(aq.)+NaOH(aq)\rightarrow NaCN(aq.)+H_2O(l)

d) The chemical equation for dissociation of NaCN in water.

NaCN(aq)\rightarrow Na^+(aq.)+CN^-(aq)

e) The chemical equation for the reaction of NaCN and HCI

NaCN(aq)+HCl(aq)\rightarrow NaCl(aq.)+HCN(aq)

4 0
3 years ago
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