Answer:
The correct option is;
a. Any process in which the entropy of the universe increases will be product-favored
Explanation:
According to the second law of thermodynamics, the change in entropy of a closed system with time is always positive. That is the entropy of the entire universe, considered as an isolated system, always increases with time, hence the entropy change in the universe will always be positive.

Therefore, any process in which the entropy of the universe increases will be product favored.
We have that for the Question "A 2kg book is held against a vertical wall. The <em>coefficient </em>of friction is 0.45. What is the minimum force that must be applied on the <em>book</em>, perpendicular to the wall, to prevent the book from slipping down the wal" it can be said that the minimum force that must be applied on the <em>book is</em>
From the question we are told
A 2kg book is held against a vertical wall. The <em>coefficient </em>of friction is 0.45. What is the minimum force that must be applied on the <em>book</em>, perpendicular to the wall, to prevent the book from slipping down the wal
Generally the equation for the Force is mathematically given as

F=44N
Therefore
the minimum force that must be applied on the <em>book is</em>
F=44N
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Answer:

Explanation:
Given that:
p = magnitude of charge on a proton = 
k = Boltzmann constant = 
r = distance between the two carbon nuclei = 1.00 nm = 
Since a carbon nucleus contains 6 protons.
So, charge on a carbon nucleus is 
We know that the electric potential energy between two charges q and Q separated by a distance r is given by:

So, the potential energy between the two nuclei of carbon is as below:

Hence, the energy stored between two nuclei of carbon is
.
Answer:the one with the smaller radius has the highest centripetal force
Explanation: