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Vesna [10]
3 years ago
6

Please help i have a midterm tommorow

Chemistry
1 answer:
meriva3 years ago
6 0
A polar bond is formed with atoms having different electronegativities. The bonding electrons are attracted more towards the atom with greater electronegativity resulting in unequal sharing of electrons. Therefore the molecule develop partial charges and becomes polar. Polar molecules have dipole moment that is the partial charge on molecules due to differences in electronegativity between atoms.

A non-polar bond is formed with atoms having the same electronegativity, hence the bonded pair of electron is shared equally between atoms. Non-polar molecules have no moment.
Note that: symmetrical molecules having polar bonds are non-polar because the dipoles of the bond exert equal and opposite effect. Hence the dipoles cancel the charges.

Example: HCl
In HCl, Cl is more electronegative therefore Cl atom pulls the electron pair of the covalent bond towards itself and develops a partial negative charge. Consequently H develops a partial positive charge. This therfore leads to the formation of a dipole.

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C₄H₉OH + HBr = C₄H₉Br + H2O

Δmole of alcohol gives 1 mole of bromobutanol

HBr is in excess, so the yield of the product is limited by the alcohol

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Moles of the alcohol = 1/74.12 = 0.01349 moles

So, moles of bromobutane = 0.01349 moles

Molar mass of C₄H₉Br = 137.018 g/moles

So, theoretical mass of bromobutane is = 0.01349 × 137.0.18

= 1.85 g


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