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2 years ago

Question 9 rank the effective nuclear charge z * experienced by a valence electron in each of these atoms:

1 answer:

7 0

To rank the effective nuclear charge Z* experienced by a valence electrons of a set of atoms that belong to a same period, you only need to apply the rule of trend: it increases as you move from left to right in the period.

So, lets do it for these atoms: P, Al, Si, Cl

The belong to a same period and the order is Al, Si, P, Cl (just see a periodic table). So the rank is Al < Si < P < Cl

Now, lets do it for these atoms:, Be, Ne, O, C

They belong to the second period. The order is Be, C, O, Ne

So, the rank is Be < C < O < Ne.

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3 years ago

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The normal boiling point of a substance is defined to be the temperature at which the liquid phase of the substance is in equili

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Answer:

ΔSv = 0.1075 KJ/mol.K

Explanation:

Binary solution:

∴ a: solvent

∴ b: solute

in equilibrium:

μ*(g) = μ(l) = μ* +RTLnXa....chemical potential (μ)

⇒ Ln (1 - Xb) = ΔG/RT

∴ ΔG = ΔHv - TΔSv

⇒ Ln(1 -Xb) = ΔHv/RT - ΔSv/R

∴ Xb → 0:

⇒ Ln(1) = ΔHv/RT - ΔSv/R

∴ T = T*b....normal boiling point

⇒ 0 = ΔHv/RT*b - ΔSv/R

⇒ ΔSv = (R)(ΔHv/RT*b)

⇒ ΔSv = ΔHv/T*b

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⇒ ΔSv = (38 KJ/mol)/(353 K)

⇒ ΔSv = 0.1075 KJ/mol.K

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2 years ago

Below are the reduction half reactions for chemolithoautotrophic nitrification, where ammonia is a source of electrons and energ

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Answer: The molecules of oxygen gas that will be reduced to water are 42 molecules

Explanation:

We are given:

$E^o_{(NO_2^-/NH_4)}=-0.41V\\E^o_{(O_2/H_2O)}=0.82V$

The substance having highest positive $E^o$ potential will always get reduced and will undergo reduction reaction. Here, oxygen will undergo reduction reaction will get reduced.

$NH_4$ will undergo oxidation reaction and will get oxidized.

Substance getting oxidized always act as anode and the one getting reduced always act as cathode.

The half reactions follows:

Oxidation half reaction: $NH_4\rightarrow NO_2^-+6e^-$ ( × 4)

Reduction half reaction: $O_2+4e^-\rightarrow 2H_2O$ ( × 6)

Overall reaction: $4NH_4+6O_2\rightarrow 4NO_2^-+12H_2O$

We are given:

Molecules of $NH_4$ = 28

By Stoichiometry of the reaction:

4 molecules of $NH_4$ reacts with 6 molecules of oxygen gas

So, 28 molecules of $NH_4$ will react with = $\frac{6}{4}\times 28=42$ molecules of oxygen gas

Hence, the molecules of oxygen gas that will be reduced to water are 42 molecules

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3 years ago

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9 months ago

What type of heat transfer is a beaker on a hot plate an example of?

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Heat transfer to a beaker on a hot plate is an example of conduction.

Explanation:

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