Objects repel and attract because of a thing called electrostatic attraction. When objects have the same charge (positive or negative), then they will repel, and if they have opposite charges then they will attract
They have a negative oxidation number because nonmetals gain electrons, thus making them negatively charged ions (anions). Metals become cations and have a positive charge because they lose electrons.
Initially, the velocity vector is
. At the same height, the x-value of the vector will be the same, and the y-value will be opposite (assuming no air resistance). Assuming perfect reflection off the ground, the velocity vector is the same. After 0.2 seconds at 9.8 seconds, the y-value has decreased by
, so the velocity is
.
Converting back to direction and magnitude, we get 
The color components that will have the lowest index of refraction will be orange.