Answer:
The forces acting on the pen which is still on the table can have two forces acting on them. The forces are gravitational force and the equal and opposite force to the gravitational forces.
The equal and opposite forces that is applied on the pen keeps the pen still on the table.
So, the statement that no force is applied on the pen which is kept still on the table is wrong as two forces are applied on the pen.
As both the forces are equal and opposite so it is cancelled and is still.
Assuming north as positive direction, the initial and final velocities of the ball are:

(with negative sign since it is due south)

the time taken is

, so the average acceleration of the ball is given by

And the positive sign tells us the direction of the acceleration is north.
Answer:

Explanation:
First, we write the equations of motion for each axis. Since the crate is sliding with constant speed, its acceleration is zero. Then, we have:

Where T is the tension in the rope, F is the force exerted by the first worker, f_k is the frictional force, N is the normal force and mg is the weight of the crate.
Since
and
, we can rewrite the first equation as:

Now, we solve for
and calculate it:

This means that the crate's coefficient of kinetic friction on the floor is 0.18.