Matter can be many things, but is mostly made of atoms. Atoms are small things that cannot be seen directly, as lights either passes through it or alters it. However, we know that atoms are made of 3 parts, those being the proton, neutron, and electron.
Protons have a positive electromagnetic charge.
Neutrons have no charge.
Electrons have a negative charge equal to the protons positive charge.
Protons and neutrons make up what's called the nucleus, which is orbited by the electrons.
Protons and neutrons also share another thing in common, that being their composition.
Until relatively recently, we thought that these were the smallest particles in the universe, and indestructible. However, modern discoveries have revealed that they are actually made of quarks and gluons.
These are actually indestructible, being part of the group that is elementary particles.
In a free body diagram for an object projected upwards;
- the acceleration due to gravity on the object is always directed downwards.
- the velocity of the object is always in the direction of the object's motion.
An object projected upwards is subjected to influence of acceleration due to gravity.
As the object accelerates upwards, its velocity decreases until the object reaches maximum height where its velocity becomes zero and as the object descends its velocity increases, which eventually becomes maximum before the object hits the ground.
To construct a free body diagram for this motion, we consider the following;
- the acceleration due to gravity on the object is always directed downwards
- the velocity of the object is always in the direction of the object's motion.
<u>For instance:</u>
upward motion for velocity ↑ downward motion for velocity ↓
↑ ↓
↑ ↓
acceleration due to gravity ↓
↓
↓
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heat released Q = 749 joules
heat of fusion of silver L = 109 J/g
Here phase of silver is changing from liquid to solid
so temperature will remain same
all heat will be released due to its phase change
and in this case we use Q=mL
where m is the mass of silver in gram
Q= mL
749 = m * 109
m = 749/109
m = 6.87 gram
If bonds are broken, the energy is released, and if bonds are formed, energy is absorbed. During conversions from chemical energy to thermal energy, the energy stored in the chemical bonds are released and this energy causes surrounding molecules to move faster thus increasing the thermal energy of a substance.
