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3 years ago

The formula for Gibbs free energy is

Chemistry

2 answers:

UNO [17]3 years ago

5 0

At constant temperature and pressure, the change in Gibbs free energy is defined as DG= DH-TDS hope this helps bb ♡

Semmy [17]3 years ago

4 0

The formula for Gibbs free energy is G = H - TS

<u>Explanation: </u>

Gibbs free energy refers a form of thermodynamic potential like Helmholtz free energy. It depends on state functions like internal potential energy, pressure, volume, temperature and entropy.

Mostly, it is the measure of reversibility or spontaneity of the chemical reaction. The change in the Gibbs free energy between the reactants and products should be less than zero or minimised to have a spontaneous or reversible chemical reaction.

The mathematical representation is,

G = H - TS

Here, H= U+PV, H is the enthalpy of the reaction, the measure of heat energy required to start a chemical reaction, T is the temperature and S is the entropy, the measure of randomness caused in the chemical reaction.

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A student preforms a chemical reaction in which 35 grams of hydrogen and 65 grams of oxygen reacted to form water. What is the m

tatuchka [14]

Answer:

Mass of water = 73.08 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of hydrogen = 35 g

Mass of oxygen = 65 g

Mass of water = ?

Solution:

First of all we will write the balanced chemical equation:

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

Number of moles of hydrogen = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles of hydrogen = 35 g/ 2 g/mol

Number of moles of hydrogen = 17.5 mol

Number of moles of oxygen = 65 g / 32 g/mol

Number of moles of oxygen = 2.03 moles

Now we compare the moles of water with moles hydrogen and oxygen.

H₂ : H₂O

2 : 2

17.5 : 17.5

O₂ : H₂O

1 : 2

2.03 : 2× 2.03 =4.06 mol

Number of moles of water produced by oxygen are less so oxygen is limitting reactant.

Mass of water:

Mass of water = number of moles × molar mass

Mass of water = 4.06 mol × 18 g/mol

Mass of water = 73.08 g

8 0

3 years ago

What does NOT affect the characteristic properties of an element?

bazaltina [42]

Answer:

characteristic properties of an element are the defining properties of that element and it does not change with quantity of the element used.

Explanation:

the amount or the quantity of the element used does not affect the characteristic property of the element. it does not matter is the if the amount or the quantity of the element used in the reaction is large or the small the characteristic properties like boiling point, melting point, density, thermal conductivity, etc remain the same or remain constant.

5 0

3 years ago

C) Define the following terms :-<br> Aufbau Principle

vaieri [72.5K]

Roughly, Aufbau Principle says that in an atom or an ion, electrons enter the shell with low energy first before entering the shell with high energy.

An atom has shells around its nucleus. Electrons enter these shells and orbit around the nucleus of an atom. To say about the properties of these shells, the shell nearest to the nucleus has the lowest energy. The farther the shell from the nucleus, the higher its energy. Aufbau Principle states that electrons enter the closest shell to the nucleus first since it has the lowest energy. When that shell has its maximum number of electrons is can hold, then the next electron will enter the second-closest shell to the nucleus, which has higher energy than the first shell.

3 0

3 years ago

In making wine, glucose (C6H12O6) is fermented to produce ethanol (C2H5OH) and carbon dioxide (CO2), according to the following

djyliett [7]

Answer:

a) Theoretical yield of ethanol = 34.778 g

b) % yield of ethanol = 37.38%

Explanation:

C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

Molar mass of glucose = 180.156 g/mol

Molar mass of ethanol = 46.07 g/mol

amount of glucose taken = 68.0 g

No. of mole = Amount of substance in g/Molar mass

[text]No. of mole = \frac{68.0\;}{180.156\; g/mol} =0.37745 mol[\text]

from reaction stoichiometry, one mole of glucose fermented two form 2 mole of ethanol.

therefore, 0.37745 mol of glucose will form 0.37745*2 moles of ethanol.

No. of moles of ethanol formed = 0.7549 mol

theoretical yield of ethanol = 0.7549 x 46.07 = 34.778 g

$\% yield=\frac{Actual yield}{Theoretical yield}\times 100$

Actual yield = 13.0 g

Theoretical yield = 34.778 g

$\% yield=\frac{13.0 \;g}{34.778\; g}\times 100$

= 37.38%

4 0

3 years ago

The meniscus of mercury in a glass capillary tube is convex because of

AnnZ [28]

Answer:

Explanation:

Firstly in deciding whether the meniscus of a liquid in a glass capillary tube will be convex or concave, we need to understand 2 forces that are in play here. These are the adhesive and cohesive forces.

The cohesive forces are the forces between the molecules present in the liquid. It can be seen as the force of attraction between the molecules of the liquid

The adhesive forces are the forces between the molecules of the liquid and the molecules of the glass.

The reason why mercury has a convex meniscus is because the cohesive forces between the mercury molecules is greater than the adhesive forces between the molecules of the glass and molecules of mercury.

What we are saying in essence is that the intramolecular force of attraction between mercury molecules is greater than the intermolecular force of attraction between the molecules of the glass and water.

Hence we say mercury does not wet glass as the cohesive forces of attraction are greater than the adhesive attraction forces

6 0

3 years ago