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Answer: incorporates both ionic bonding and covalent bonding.
Explanation:
A covalent bond is formed when an element shares its valence electron with another element. This bond is formed between two non metals.
An ionic bond is formed when an element completely transfers its valence electron to another element. The element which donates the electron is known as electropositive element and the element which accepts the electrons is known as electronegative element. This bond is formed between a metal and an non-metal.
For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.
Here potassium is having an oxidation state of +1 called as cation and nitrate
is an anion with oxidation state of -1. Thus they combine and their oxidation states are exchanged and written in simplest whole number ratios to give neutral
.
is formed by sharing of electrons between two non metals nitrogen and oxygen.
Thus incorporates both ionic bonding and covalent bonding.
Explanation:
C: ΔH=+178 kJ/mol
For an endothermic reaction, heat is getting absorbed during a chemical reaction and is written on the reactant side.
Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle. This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.
Treat heat as a reactant and on increasing a reactant at equilibrium, shifts the reaction in the forward direction.
Increase temperature → increase in heat → forward direction
Decrease temperature → decease in heat → backward direction
System C - Increase temperature : Reaction will move forward
System C - Decrease temperature : Reaction will move backward
D: ΔH=−88 kJ/mol
The total enthalpy of the reaction comes out to be negative .
The temperature of the surrounding will increase.
For an exothermic reaction, heat is released during a chemical reaction and is written on the product side.
Any change in the equilibrium is studied on the basis of Le-Chatelier's principle. This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.
Treat heat as a product and on increasing a product at equilibrium, shifts the reaction in the backward direction.
Increase temperature → increase in heat → backward direction
Decrease temperature → decease in heat → forward direction
System D - Increase temperature : Reaction will move backward
System D - Decrease temperature : Reaction will move forward