(D) The gravitational force between the astronaut and the asteroid.
Reason :
All the other forces given in the options, except (D), doesn't account for the motion of the astronaut. They are the forces that act between nucleons or atoms and neither of them accounts for an objects motion.
Answer:

Explanation:
We could use the following suvat equation:

where
s is the vertical displacement of the coin
v is its final velocity, when it hits the water
t is the time
g is the acceleration of gravity
Taking upward as positive direction, in this problem we have:
s = -1.2 m

And the coin reaches the water when
t = 1.3 s
Substituting these data, we can find v:

where the negative sign means the direction is downward.
Answer:
v_o= 12 m/s
Explanation:
The ball experienced a constant acceleration motion, so we need to apply the following formula:

Note: we set the acceleration of gravity as negative because it is going down.
the ball was thrown vertically upward with an initial velocity of 12 m/s
X < -15.64/4.6
Divide both sides by 4.6
Divide 15.64/4.6 to 3.4
x < -3.4.
Answer: x < -3.4