To solve the problem it is necessary to apply the Malus Law. Malus's law indicates that the intensity of a linearly polarized beam of light, which passes through a perfect analyzer with a vertical optical axis is equivalent to:

Where,
indicates the intensity of the light before passing through the polarizer,
I is the resulting intensity, and
indicates the angle between the axis of the analyzer and the polarization axis of the incident light.
Since we have two objects the law would be,

Replacing the values,



Therefore the intesity of the light after it has passes through both polarizers is 
Answer: The velocity at different marked time points are given as
t1 = -
t2 = +
t3 = +
t4 = -
t5 = 0
Explanation:
The slope of the tangent of the curve indicates the instantaneous velocity. So if the slope of the tangent is positive, that Is, the tangent makes a positive angle (above the horizontal axis) with the horizontal
axis, then the velocity at this point is positive, and if the slope of the tangent is negative, that is the tangent makes a negative angle with the horizontal axis (below the horizontal axis), then the velocity at this point is negative.
When the tangent of the line is parallel to the horizontal axis, the velocity is 0.
From the position-time graph attached, the sign on the instantaneous velocity for each time marked on the graph is given below
t1 = -
t2 = +
t3 = +
t4 = -
t5 = 0
QED!
Answer:
Explanation:
Stefan's formula for emission of radiation is
E = e σ A ( T⁴ - T₀⁴ )
E is energy radiated , e is emissivity , σ is stefan's constant , T is temperature of object and T₀ is temperature of surrounding. A is area of surface .
E = .35 x 5.67 x 10⁻⁸ ( 298⁴ - 268⁴ ) x 4π x .25²
= 1.9845 x 10⁻⁸ ( 78.86 - 51.58 ) x 10⁸ x .0625
= 3.38 J /s
Answer: D
Explanation: read the answers above and compare to your test