According to above question ~
Let's find the charge (q) by using formula ~
Hence, 12 coulombs of charge flow past any point in the wire in 3 seconds
I do believe all of these but core elements can be determined by spectroscopy which includes the use of electromagnetic radiation. Both the surface and core temperature can be measured using light. Surface elements can be found because the absorption lines of different elements in the spectra of the star, but I haven't heard anything about using spectral analysis for core elements.
P.E = mgh
This is the formula for potential energy.
This is where m is mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.
All you have to do is multiply all these numbers together.
Answer: Heat will transfer from the water to the air. When a mass of air moves on a warmer surface it is heated by its base. Then thermal instability develops in the lower layers and then extends upwards. If the air initially contained inversions, these are destroyed and a strong gradient is established uniformly in the lower troposphere temperature.
