Answer:
hydrogen bond
Explanation:
Water has atom of oxygen and 2 atoms of hydrogen. The bond is formed between oxygen of one molecule and hydrogen of another molecule. This bond is called hydrogen bond.
Copper is a better conductor.
Answer:
σ = ±708 nC/m²
Q = ±177 nC
Explanation:
given data
Side of copper plate L = 50 cm
Electric field, E = 80 kN/C
solution
we get here Charge density,σ that is express as
σ = E x ε₀ ....................1
here ε₀ is Permittivity of free space that is 8.85 x 10⁻¹² C²/Nm²
so put value in eq1we get
σ = 80 x 10³ x 8.85 x 10⁻¹²
σ = 708 x 10⁻⁹ C/m²
σ = 708 nC/m²
and
now we get here total change on each faces
Q = σ A ...............2
Q = 708 x 10⁻⁹ x (0.50)²
Q = 177 nC
The light reactions could be viewed as analogous to a hydroelectric dam. In that case, the wall of the dam that holds back the water would be analogous to the thylakoid membrane.
Thylakoid membrane is present in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of plants. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and photosystem II reactions.
In general, these are the regions where light-dependent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane is a lipid-bound membrane that maintains potential difference and also controls the flow of liquids across the membrane during light reactions.
In the provided case, we can see that the wall of the dam holds back the water, similarly, in light-dependent reactions, thylakoid membranes control the liquid flow and also regulate the potential gradient across the membrane and also allow the selective proteins to pass through.
If you need to learn more about light reactions click here:
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