I think the best answer for this question is the third option. Electrons form a cloud around the nucleus. According to modern physics, electrons are in constant motion around the nucleus and protons. Additionally, electrons, protons and neutrons are considered as hard particles.
Ionization energy = the amount of energy it takes for an atom to lose an electron
Remember that the nucleus is positively charged and the electrons are negatively charged. Because those opposite charges attract, the nucleus is pulling the electron towards it and so, the closer an electron is to the nucleus of an atom, the stronger it is being pulled.
Now remember that as more electrons are added to match the number of protons, the shells fill up and each new shell that is made to accommodate for the electrons is further away from the nucleus. That means that the more electrons are in an atom, the more shells there are, and as the shells get further away from the nucleus, the electrons in those shells are pulled with much less force than electrons in the closer shells.
Now all that's left to remember is that as you go down the groups, the elements have bigger numbers of protons and so they have more electrons and so more shells.
Ta da!! Hope that helps!! :D
Molecular weight of vanillin = 152 g/mol
Futher molecular formula of vanillin is C8H8O3
Atomic weight of oxygen = 16 g/mol
Thus, 152 g of vanillin contains 16 g of oxygen
∴ 0.045 g (45 mg) of vanillin contains
= 0.00473 g
Also, number of moles of vanillin in 0.045 g sample =
Now, 1 mole = 6.023 X 10^23 molecules
∴ 2.96 X 10^-4 mole = 1.78 X 10^20 molecules
From molecular formula, it can be seen that 1 molecule of vanallin contain 3 atoms of oxygen
∴1.78 X 10^20 molecules contain 3 X 1.78 X 10^20 = 5.34 X 10^20 oxygen atoms
Answer:
One example of an ionic bond is the formation of sodium fluoride, NaF, from a sodium atom and a fluorine atom. In this reaction, the sodium atom loses its single valence electron to the fluorine atom, which has just enough space to accept it.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
A double displacement reaction is one in which exchange of ions take place. The salts which are soluble in water are designated by symbol (aq) and those which are insoluble in water and remain in solid form are represented by (s) after their chemical formulas.
The balanced reaction between aqueous calcium chloride reacts with aqueous potassium carbonate is shown as: