Answer:
The speed of light changes as it moves between media. This causes refraction. Angles of refraction can be calculated using known speeds or wavelengths. Beyond the critical angle, light is reflected.
Answer:
1.5 m
Explanation:
Length. L = 12 m
Width, W = 16 m
Area, A = 12 x 16 = 192 m^2
Let the width of pavement be d.
The new length, L' = 12 + 2d
the new width, W' = 16 + 2d
New Area, A' = L' x W' = (12 + 2d)(16 + 2d) = 192 + 56 d + 4d^2
Difference in area = A' - A
285 = 192 + 56 d + 4d^2 - 192
93 = 56 d + 4d^2
4d^2 + 56 d - 93 = 0

\
d = 1.5 m
Thus, the width of the pavement is 1.5 m.
Answer:
It would not be possible the cohesion among water molecules by the polar covalent bonding.
Well, to understand this in a better way, let's begin by explaining that water is special due to its properties, which makes this fluid useful for many purposes and for the existence of life.
In this sense, one of the main properties of water is cohesion (molecular cohesion), which is the attraction of molecules to others of the same type. So, water molecule (
) has 2 hydrogen atoms attached to 1 oxygen atom and can stick to itself through hydrogen bonds.
How is this possible?
By the polar covalent bonding, a process in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms, due to the unequal distribution of electrons between atoms of different elements. In other words: slightly positive and slightly negative charges appear in different parts of the molecule.
Now, it can be said that a water molecule has a negative side (oxygen) and a positive side (hydrogen). This is how the oxygen atom tends to monopolize more electrons and keeps them away from hydrogen. Thanks to this polarity, water molecules can stick together.
Answer:
If x₁=12 cm then k=1.7985 N/m
If x₂=15 cm then k=1.4388 N/m
Explanation:
Hanging mass= 22 g=0.022 kg
Acceleration due to gravity g=9.81 m/s²
If x₁=displacement= 12 cm=0.12 m
k= spring constant


∴k = 1.7985 N/m
If x₂=15 cm=0.15 m
Force of the hanging mass is same however the spring constant will change

∴k = 1.4388 N/m
As the mass is not changing the spring constant has to change. That means that here there are two spring one with k=1.7985 N/m and the other with k= 1.4388 N/m
Answer:
4. B and D
Explanation:
Two points along a transverse wave (such as the one in the figure) are said to be in phase when:
- the vertical position of the two points is the same
- The oscillation of the wave is going in the same way for both points
Basically, we say that two points are in phase when they are separated by a complete cycle (one complete oscillation) of the wave.
For this wave, we see that point B and C have same displacement, but they are not in phase since in B the oscillation is going down while in C is going up.
Instead, B and D are in phase, because they are separated by one complete cycle: both points have same displacement and the oscillation is going in the same way for both of them.