Answer:
Water gets up to the Earth's atmosphere by evaporating from a body of water, which is then they become water vapor. It returns back to the surface by returning back to its water state and falling back down (as rain). The water vapor turns into clouds (clouds are really just water droplets), and when it cannot hold anymore waters, it disperses all the water (by raining).
The formula for kinetic energy is
KE = (1/2) (mass) (speed)² .
How you measure the object's mass and speed is up to you.
You'd need different methods for different objects, and in some
cases, you'd need quite a bit of ingenuity.
B. Orbit. The planets orbit the sun, the moon orbits earth, etc.
