Answer:
Personally I don't believe aliens exist maybe they do who knows but i don't think so.
Explanation:
I am not sure how you want me to answer this, but yes, gas can go from being a gas to a liquid when the right temp and pressure is applied.
Answer:
(b) Yes, the earth gains momentum but the change in momentum of the earth is much lesser compared to that of everyone in the air. The resistance to motion (inertia of the earth), which is a function of its mass is so great that the earth's acceleration is small in the given time frame.
Explanation:
From Newton's second law which can be stated mathematically as
F = m(v-u)/t = ma.
By Newton's law of gravitation, there is a force between the earth and everyone in the air. This force is responsible for the change in momentum of everyone in the air and this force gives them an acceleration equal to g = 9.80m/s². By Newton's law of gravitation and Newton's third law of motion, this force is also equal to the force exerted by everyone on the earth.
For this to be true,
F = M (everyone) ×a (everyone) = M(earth) × a (earth).
And
a (earth) = {M (everyone) ×a (everyone) }/M (earth)
Then
a (earth) must be lesser than a (everyone) since M(earth) >> M(everyone).
a = change in momentum/ time
Therefore the earth will have a much lesser change in momentum which is the reason we won't notice the earth's movement.
Thank you for reading.
To solve the problem it is necessary to apply conservation of the moment and conservation of energy.
By conservation of the moment we know that

Where
M=Heavier mass
V = Velocity of heavier mass
m = lighter mass
v = velocity of lighter mass
That equation in function of the velocity of heavier mass is

Also we have that 
On the other hand we have from law of conservation of energy that

Where,
W_f = Work made by friction
KE = Kinetic Force
Applying this equation in heavier object.






Here we can apply the law of conservation of energy for light mass, then

Replacing the value of 

Deleting constants,


The phenomenon which is responsible for this effect is called diffraction.
Diffraction is the ability of a wave to propagate when it meets an obstacle or a slit. When the wave encounters the obstacle or the slit, it 'bends' around it and it continues propagate beyond it. A classical example of this phenomenon is when a sound wave propagates through a wall where there is a small aperture (as in the example of this problem)