Distillation is the process of separating two or more miscible substances based on there difference in boiling point. Here, the one with the lowest boiling point separates/distill first, followed by the one with the next (lower) boiling point. The constituent with the highest boiling point is left behind except in cases where impurities are in high amount and it is also made to distill (last).
Limonene has a boiling point of 176°C while carvone has a boiling point of 231°C, hence limonenewill distill first from a caraway seed oil distillation due to its lower boiling point.
Limonene has a boiling point of 176C and (+)-carvone has a boiling point of 231C.
In distillation, the temperature is gradually increased until one of the components begins to vaporizes out of the solution. This vapor is then condensed into a different container. The component that vaporizes first will do so at a lower temperature than the second. Therefore, the component that has the lower boiling point will vaporize first.
