(a) 1200 rad/s
The angular acceleration of the rotor is given by:

where we have
is the angular acceleration (negative since the rotor is slowing down)
is the final angular speed
is the initial angular speed
t = 10.0 s is the time interval
Solving for
, we find the final angular speed after 10.0 s:

(b) 25 s
We can calculate the time needed for the rotor to come to rest, by using again the same formula:

If we re-arrange it for t, we get:

where here we have
is the initial angular speed
is the final angular speed
is the angular acceleration
Solving the equation,

5.91(approx) seconds just divide velocity by acceleration
To determine the centroid of the object first moment of area is used.
To predict the resistance of a shape to bending and deflection which are directly proportional, second moment of area is used.
I'm not accurately sure if you're asking for why the bulb of a thermometer is in a cylindrical shape. So let me continue. The shape of the which is thin and cylindrical in the shape is the increase of the effect of mercury in the tube to rise and fall depending on the contact temperature.
Thinner at edges and its thick in the middle