All categories

3 years ago

Soap is a very interesting chemical. We even discussed it on the discussion board. How does it work, exactly?

Engineering

1 answer:

soldi70 [24.7K]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Saponification is a process in which soap is formed from mixtures of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. These fatty acids are reacted high temperature of At 80°C-100°C with alkali to extract salt. These alkali can be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

Soap has both polar (ionic) and non polar molecules due to which it has characteristics of both hydrophilic substance (having tendency to mix with water) and hydrophobic substance (have tendency to mix with oils) and due to this nature it can act as an emulsifier.

An emulsifier has tendency to diffuse one liquid into another liquid which is incapable of mixing with homogeneous liquid like water.

Cleansing action takes place due to presence of ionic and non-polar properties at same time, in combination with solubility principles. The ionic end of soap molecule is the salt end. It is hydrophilic (water soluble) in nature. The non-polar end cotains long hydrocarbon chains and is hydrophobic (water repellent).

When immiscible liquids like grease or oil mixed with soap water, non polar end (hydrophobic end) absorbs the dirt which means the soap will form the micelles and trap the dirt in it. As micelles is soluble in water it will remove the dirt with it.

You might be interested in

Steam at 1400 kPa and 350°C [state 1] enters a turbine through a pipe that is 8 cm in diameter, at a mass flow rate of 0.1 kg⋅s−

sergeinik [125]

Answer:

Power output, $P_{out} = 178.56 kW$

Given:

Pressure of steam, P = 1400 kPa

Temperature of steam, $T = 350^{\circ}C$

Diameter of pipe, d = 8 cm = 0.08 m

Mass flow rate, $\dot{m} = 0.1 kg.s^{- 1}$

Diameter of exhaust pipe, $d_{h} = 15 cm = 0.15 m$

Pressure at exhaust, P' = 50 kPa

temperature, T' = $100^{\circ}C$

Solution:

Now, calculation of the velocity of fluid at state 1 inlet:

$\dot{m} = \frac{Av_{i}}{V_{1}}$

$0.1 = \frac{\frac{\pi d^{2}}{4}v_{i}}{0.2004}$

$0.1 = \frac{\frac{\pi 0.08^{2}}{4}v_{i}}{0.2004}$

$v_{i} = 3.986 m/s$

Now, eqn for compressible fluid:

$\rho_{1}v_{i}A_{1} = \rho_{2}v_{e}A_{2}$

Now,

$\frac{A_{1}v_{i}}{V_{1}} = \frac{A_{2}v_{e}}{V_{2}}$

$\frac{\frac{\pi d_{i}^{2}}{4}v_{i}}{V_{1}} = \frac{\frac{\pi d_{e}^{2}}{4}v_{e}}{V_{2}}$

$\frac{\frac{\pi \times 0.08^{2}}{4}\times 3.986}{0.2004} = \frac{\frac{\pi 0.15^{2}}{4}v_{e}}{3.418}$

$v_{e} = 19.33 m/s$

Now, the power output can be calculated from the energy balance eqn:

$P_{out} = -\dot{m}W_{s}$

$P_{out} = -\dot{m}(H_{2} - H_{1}) + \frac{v_{e}^{2} - v_{i}^{2}}{2}$

$P_{out} = - 0.1(3.4181 - 0.2004) + \frac{19.33^{2} - 3.986^{2}}{2} = 178.56 kW$

4 0

3 years ago

In the construction of a large reactor pressure vessel, a new steel alloy with a plane strain fracture toughness of 55 MPa-m1/2

sp2606 [1]

Answer:

$l=24mm$

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Plane strain fracture toughness of $T=55 MPa-m1/2$

Y value $Y=1.0$

Stress level of $\sigma =200 MPa$

Generally the equation for length of a surface crack is mathematically given by

$l=\frac{1}{\pi}(\frac{T}{Y*\sigma})^2$

$l=\frac{1}{3.142}(\frac{55}{1*200})^2$

$l=0.024m$

Therefore

in mm

$l=24mm$

6 0

3 years ago

Which of the following is not one of the systems required to ensure the safe and correct operation of an engine?

velikii [3]

Brake system

Explanation: the engine doesn’t need to be running to make the brake system work the brake system it’s independent

6 0

3 years ago

nadya68 [22]

Any collection of data or information that has been properly structured for quick search and retrieval by a computer is referred to as a database, often known as an electronic database.

<h3>What is electronic database?</h3>

Databases are designed to make it easy to save, retrieve, edit, and delete data while carrying out various data-processing tasks. In response to queries, a database management system (DBMS) retrieves data from the database.
Databases are briefly discussed after that. See computer science: Information systems and databases; information processing for a comprehensive explanation.
A file or collection of files used to store a database.
These files' contents can be divided up into records, each of which has one or more fields.
The fundamental units of data storage are fields, and each field typically contains data related to one feature or attribute of the thing that the database is describing.
Additionally, records are arranged into tables that contain details on the connections between their various fields.
A database in the strict sense offers cross-referencing capabilities, despite the fact that the term "database" is used broadly to refer to any collection of information in computer files.

Users can quickly search, rearrange, organize, and choose the fields in numerous records to access or produce reports on certain data aggregates using keywords and a variety of sorting instructions.

To Learn more About database Refer To :

brainly.com/question/518894

#SPJ1

5 0

1 year ago

Select the statement that is false.

ra1l [238]

Answer:

Explanation:

the way vertices are connected may be different so having same number of edges do not mean that total degree will also be same.

8 0

3 years ago