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3 years ago

Soap is a very interesting chemical. We even discussed it on the discussion board. How does it work, exactly?

Engineering

1 answer:

soldi70 [24.7K]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Saponification is a process in which soap is formed from mixtures of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. These fatty acids are reacted high temperature of At 80°C-100°C with alkali to extract salt. These alkali can be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

Soap has both polar (ionic) and non polar molecules due to which it has characteristics of both hydrophilic substance (having tendency to mix with water) and hydrophobic substance (have tendency to mix with oils) and due to this nature it can act as an emulsifier.

An emulsifier has tendency to diffuse one liquid into another liquid which is incapable of mixing with homogeneous liquid like water.

Cleansing action takes place due to presence of ionic and non-polar properties at same time, in combination with solubility principles. The ionic end of soap molecule is the salt end. It is hydrophilic (water soluble) in nature. The non-polar end cotains long hydrocarbon chains and is hydrophobic (water repellent).

When immiscible liquids like grease or oil mixed with soap water, non polar end (hydrophobic end) absorbs the dirt which means the soap will form the micelles and trap the dirt in it. As micelles is soluble in water it will remove the dirt with it.

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Find the current Lx in the figure

AleksandrR [38]

Explanation:

$\frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{2} \\ 1.6 + 1.4 = 3 \\ \frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{9} \\ 2.25 + 2 = 4.25 \: ohm$

R total = 4.25 ohm

I total = Vt/Rt

I total= 17/4.25= 4 A

Ix= 600 mA

$\frac{9}{9 + 3} \times 4 = 3\\ \frac{2}{2 + 8} \times 3 = 0.6a \\ = 0.6 \: milli \: amper$

6 0

3 years ago

Gas chromatography separates compounds depending on their__________ . Benzene, m-xylene, and toluene have similar_________ , the

amm1812

Answer and Explanation:

Gas chromatography separates compounds depending on their **polarity and volatility**. Benzene, m-xylene, and toluene have similar **polarities**, therefore, the main basis for separation is **volatility**. The more volatile a component the ** higher its vapor pressure**, hence the more time it spends in the **gaseous mobile phase**, giving it a **shorter** retention time. Therefore, components of a liquid mixture will elute in order of **increasing boiling points/decreasing volatilities/increasing polarities with the stationary phase**.

3 0

3 years ago

Pipe Diameter and Reynolds Number. An oil is being pumped inside a 10.0-mm-diameter pipe at a Reynolds number of 2100. The oil d

alexdok [17]

Answer:

The velocity in the pipe is 5.16m/s. The pipe diameter for the second fluid should be 6.6 mm.

Explanation:

Here the first think you have to consider is the definition of the Reynolds number ( $Re$ ) for flows in pipes. Rugly speaking, the Reynolds number is an adimensonal parameter to know if the fliud flow is in laminar or turbulent regime. The equation to calculate this number is:

$Re=\frac{\rho v D}{\mu}$

where $\rho$ is the density of the fluid, $\mu$ is the viscosity, D is the pipe diameter and v is the velocity of the fluid.

Now, we know that Re=2100. So the velocity is:

$v=\frac{Re*\mu}{\rho*D} =\frac{2100*2.1x10^{-2}Pa*s }{855kg/m^3*0.01m} =5.16m/s$

For the second fluid, we want to keep the Re=2100 and v=5.16m/s. Therefore, using the equation of Reynolds number the diameter is:

$D=\frac{Re*\mu}{\rho*v} =\frac{2100*1.5x10^{-2}Pa*s}{925kg/m^3*5.16m/s}=6.6 mm$

8 0

3 years ago

A rod that was originally 100-cm-long experiences a strain of 82%. What is the new length of the rod?

lisabon 2012 [21]

Answer:

The new length of the rod is 182 cm.

Explanation:

Given that a rod that was originally 100-cm-long experiences a strain of 82%, to determine what is the new length of the rod, the following calculation must be performed:

100 x 1.82 = X

182 = X

Therefore, the new length of the rod is 182 cm.

7 0

3 years ago

Explain the working of McLeod gauge for measurement of very low pressure.

AfilCa [17]

Explanation:

McLeod gauge:

It is used to measure very low pressure of gas.It measure gas pressure by the help of mercury(Hg).it measure absolute pressure of gas.

McLeod gauge on the principle of Boyle's law.Boyle's law state that ,at constant temperature the pressure of gas is directly proportional to its volume.From Boyle's law

$P_1V_1=P_2V_2$

A sample of gas is taken from vacuum then its pressure is measured by help Hg.

4 0

3 years ago