Litmus paper can be used to determine the ______

Need help asap with this chemistry if someone could help me

Burka [1]

Answer:

Structure One:

N: -2
C: 0
O: +1

Structure Two:

N: 0
C: 0
O: -1

Structure Three:

N: -1
C: 0
O: 0.

Structure Number Two would likely be the most stable structure.

All five C atoms: 0
All six H atoms to C: 0
N atom: +1.

The N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion. See explanation.

Explanation:

When calculating the formal charge for an atom, the assumption is that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally between the two bonding atoms. The formula for the formal charge of an atom can be written as:

$\text{Formal Charge} \\ = \text{Number of Valence Electrons in Element} \\ \phantom{=}-\text{Number of Chemical Bonds} \\\phantom{=} - \text{Number of nonbonding Lone Pair Electrons}$ .

For example, for the N atom in structure one of the first question,

N is in IUPAC group 15. There are 15 - 10 = 5 valence electrons on N.
This N atom is connected to only 1 chemical bond.
There are three pairs, or 6 electrons that aren't in a chemical bond.

The formal charge of this N atom will be $5 - 1 - 6 = -2$ .

Apply this rule to the other atoms. Note that a double bond counts as two bonds while a triple bond counts as three.

Structure One:

N: -2
C: 0
O: +1

Structure Two:

N: 0
C: 0
O: -1

Structure Three:

N: -1
C: 0
O: 0.

In general, the formal charge on all atoms in a molecule or an ion shall be as close to zero as possible. That rules out Structure number one.

Additionally, if there is a negative charge on one of the atoms, that atom shall preferably be the most electronegative one in the entire molecule. O is more electronegative than N. Structure two will likely be favored over structure three.

Similarly,

All five C atoms: 0
All six H atoms to C: 0
N atom: +1.

Assuming that electrons in a chemical bond are shared equally (which is likely not the case,) the nitrogen atom in this molecule will carry a positive charge. By that assumption, it would attract an anion.

Note that in reality this assumption seldom holds. In this ion, the N-H bond is highly polarized such that the partial positive charge is mostly located on the H atom bonded to the N atom. This example shows how the formal charge assumption might give misleading information. However, for the sake of this particular problem, the N atom is the one that is "likely" to be attracted to an anion.

5 0

3 years ago

\"Moving down group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals), which element has the largest first ionization energy?\" Is the answer to this:

lesya692 [45]

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from one mole of gaseous atom to produce 1 mole of gaseous in to produce a charge of 1. The greater the ionization energy, the greater is the chance f the electron to be removed from the nucleus. In this casse, Radium has the largest ionization energy.

6 0

3 years ago

Which of the following types of energy does an object have because of its position?

Maru [420]

Answer:

potential energy

Explanation:

energy which is linked with the position of the object is called as potential energy. any object possessing energy due to its position is potential energy. example is holding a basketball up in to the air at a certain height so that it will have a gravitational pull towards earth surface. this gravitation pull is called as potential energy.

8 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

0.10 M potassium chromate is slowly added to a solution containing 0.20 M AgNO3 and 0.20 M Ba(NO3)2. What is the Ag+ concentrati

erastova [34]

Answer:

$[Ag^{+}]=4.2\times 10^{-2}M$

Explanation:

Given:

[AgNO3] = 0.20 M

Ba(NO3)2 = 0.20 M

[K2CrO4] = 0.10 M

Ksp of Ag2CrO4 = 1.1 x 10^-12

Ksp of BaCrO4 = 1.1 x 10^-10

$BaCrO_4 (s)\leftrightharpoons Ba^{2+}(aq)\;+\;CrO_{4}^{2-}(aq)$

$Ksp=[Ba^{2+}][CrO_{4}^{2-}]$

$1.2\times 10^{-10}=(0.20)[CrO_{4}^{2-}]$

$[CrO_{4}^{2-}]=\frac{1.2\times 10^{-10}}{(0.20)}= 6.0\times 10^{-10}$

Now,

$Ag_{2}CrO_4(s) \leftrightharpoons 2Ag^{+}(aq)\;+\;CrO_{4}^{2-}(aq)$

$Ksp=[Ag^{+}]^{2}[CrO_{4}^{2-}]$

$1.1\times 10^{-12}=[Ag^{+}]^{2}](6.0\times 10^{-10})$

$[Ag^{+}]^{2}]=\frac{1.1\times 10^{-12}}{(6.0\times 10^{-10})}= 1.8\times 10^{-3}$

$[Ag^{+}]=\sqrt{1.8\times 10^{-3}}=4.2\times 10^{-2}M$

So, BaCrO4 will start precipitating when [Ag+] is 4.2 x 1.2^-2 M

7 0

3 years ago

Cuando se quema 1 mol de metano –o sea, 16 g–, se desprenden 802

Anvisha [2.4K]

Answer:

1 gramo de metano aporta 50.125 kilojoules.

1 gramo de metano aporta 48.246 kilojoules.

Explanation:

La cantidad de energía liberada por la combustión de una unidad de masa del hidrocarburo ( $Q$ ), en kilojoules por mol, es igual a la cantidad de energía liberada por mol de compuesto ( $\bar {Q}$ ), en kilojoules por mol, dividido por su masa molar ( $M$ ), en gramos por mol: