1.
Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Explanation:
Part a)
Length of the rod is 1.60 m
diameter = 0.550 cm
now if the current in the ammeter is given as

V = 17.0 volts
now we will have


R = 0.91 ohm
now we know that



Part b)
Now at higher temperature we have


R = 0.98 ohm
now we know that



so we will have



2.
Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

Explanation:
Part a)
As we know that current density is defined as

now we have

Now we have


so we will have

Part b)
now we have

so we have


so we have


Answer:
t = 1.62 h
Explanation:
A flat mirror fulfills the law of reflection where the incident angle is equal to the reflected angle.
θ_i = θ_r
If we use trigonometry to find the angles, the mirror is at a height of L = 1.87 m, and the reflected rays reach a distance x1 = 3.56 m
tan θ₁ = x₁ / L
tan θ₁ = 
θ₁ = tan⁻¹ 1.90
θ₁ = 62.29º
for the second case x₂ = 1.46 m
tan θ₂ = x₂ / L
θ₂ = tan⁻¹ 
θ₂ = 37.98º
the difference in degree traveled is
Δθ = θ₁- θ₂
Δθ = 62.29 - 37.98
Δθ = 24.31º
as in the exercise they indicate that every 15º there is an hour
t = 24.31º (1h / 15º)
t = 1.62 h