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3 years ago

Write a balanced half-reaction describing the oxidation of aqueous chloride anions to gaseous dichlorine.

1 answer:

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Oxidation is a process which involves losing electrons in a reaction by an ion, atom or a molecule. It happens when the oxidation state of the ion, atom or the molecule is being increased. Chloride anions has an oxidation state of -1 and dichlorine has an oxidation state of zero or neutral charge. The balanced half-reaction would be written as:

2Cl- = Cl2 + 2e-

To balance the charge on both sides, two electrons should be produced or released by the anion form of chlorine. Being oxidized would mean that the charge of the ion or molecule is being increased. In this case, it is increased from -1 to 0.

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Many power plants produce energy by burning carbon-based fuels, which also produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a greenhou

RUDIKE [14]

Answer:

a) 2.541 mol/MJ;

b) 1.124 mol/MJ;

c) 0.4354 mol/MJ;

d) 0.1835 mol/MJ

Explanation:

The enthalpy of formation (ΔH°f) is the enthalpy of a reaction to form a compound by its constituents. For CO₂, ΔH°f = - 393.5 kJ/mol.

The enthalpy of a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy of the products (each one multiplied by the number of moles) less the sum of the enthalpy of the reactants (each one multiplied by the number of moles). The ΔH°f for simple substances (with one atom) is 0. The combustion is the reaction between the fuel and the oxygen.

a) The combution reaction is:

C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)

ΔH°rxn = -393.5 kJ/mol = -393.5x10⁻³ MJ/mol

Number of moles per MJ released: 1/|ΔH°rxn|

n = 1/(393.5x10⁻³) = 2.541 mol/MJ

b) The combustion reaction is:

CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

H₂O is in the liquid state because it's at 1 atm and 25ºC.

ΔH°f, H₂O(l) = -285.3 kJ/mol

ΔH°f, O₂(g) = 0

ΔH°f, CH₄(g) = -74.8 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [2*(-285.3 ) + 1*(-393.5)] - [1*(-74.8)]

ΔH°rxn = -889.3 kJ/mol = -889.3x10⁻³ MJ/mol

n = 1/889.3x10⁻³ = 1.124 mol/MJ

c) C₃H₈(g) + 10O₂(g) → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(l)

ΔH°f,C₃H₈(g) = -25.2 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [4*(-285.3) + 3*(-393.5)] - [1*(-25.2)]

ΔH°rxn = -2,296.5 kJ/mol = -2.2965 MJ/mol

n = 1/2.2965 = 0.4354 mol/MJ

d) C₈H₁₈(l) + (25/2)O₂(g) → 8CO₂(g) + 9H₂O(l)

ΔH°f, C₈H₁₈(l) = -250.1 kJ/mol

ΔH°rxn = [9*(-283.5) + 8*(-393.5)] - [1*(-250.1)]

ΔH°rxn = -5,449.4 kJ/mol = -5.4494 MJ/mol

n = 1/5.4494 = 0.1835 mol/MJ

4 0

3 years ago

Write the condensed ground-state electron configurations of these transition metal ions, and state which are paramagnetic:

Zinaida [17]

The electron configuration of V³⁺ is [Ar] $3d^2$ . The ion is paramagnetic because it has two unpaired electrons

<h3>What is paramagnetic?</h3>

A weak magnetic field supplied externally can weakly attract some materials, which then create internal magnetic fields that are directed in the same direction as the applied magnetic field. This phenomenon is known as paramagnetic.
Diamagnetic materials, in contrast, are attracted to magnetic fields and produce induced magnetic fields that are directed in the opposite direction from the applied magnetic field.
The majority of chemical elements and some compounds are considered to be paramagnetic materials.
Paramagnetic materials have a relative magnetic permeability that is somewhat more than 1, which makes them attracted to magnetic fields.
The applied field induces a linearly decreasing magnetic moment that is relatively weak.
Modern experiments on paramagnetic materials are frequently done with a sensitive analytical balance since it typically requires a sensitive analytical balance to identify the effect.

To learn more about paramagnetic with the given link

brainly.com/question/18865305

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7 0

2 years ago

Which action do researchers take to make advances in science?

melamori03 [73]

<span>The action that researchers take to make advances in science would be conducting experiments to test their hypothesis. By doing such, they are able to know whether the hypothesis is true or not. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day.</span>

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Is sulfur dioxide a compound, mixture or element? Thanks!

horsena [70]

It is a compound because a compound is two or more different elements chemically combined.

5 0

2 years ago

If a buffer solution is 0.130 M in a weak acid (K_a = 1.7 x 10^-5) and 0.590 M in its conjugate base, what is the pH?

Serggg [28]

Use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation:
pH = pKa + log[base]/[acid]
pH = -log(1.7 x 10^-5) + log(0.590/0.130) = 5.43

8 0

3 years ago