Toluene can be partially oxidized to benzoic acid and water in a low pressure vapor phase reaction. Initially, 10 moles of tolue
ne are mixed with 1 mole of air (0.79 moles N2 and 0.21 moles O2). If the reaction is allowed to proceed until all the oxygen has been converted, calculate the mole fractions of each of the components present at the end of the reaction. Ignore the contributions from all possible side reactions.
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Answer : Option 1) The true statement is each carbon-oxygen bond is somewhere between a single and double bond and the actual structure of format is an average of the two resonance forms.
Explanation : The actual structure of formate is found to be a resonance hybrid of the two resonating forms. The actual structure for formate do not switches back and forth between two resonance forms.
The O atom in the formate molecule with one bond and three lone pairs, in the resonance form left with reference to the attached image, gets changed into O atom with two bonds and two lone pairs.
Again, the O atom with two bonds and two lone pairs on the resonance form left, changed into O atom with one bond and three lone pairs. It concludes that each carbon-oxygen bond is neither a single bond nor a double bond; each carbon-oxygen bond is somewhere between a single and double bond.
Also, it is seen that each oxygen atom does not have neither a double bond nor a single bond 50% of the time.
