When it comes into contact with a host cell, a virus can insert its genetic material into its host, literally taking over the host's functions.
Answer:
Nematode.
Explanation:
Heartworms belongs to phylum Nematoda, their biological name is Dirofilaria immitis. Their body structure is a tiny thread-like parasite roundworm. Adult heartworms always live in the lung arteries and the heart of the dogs and other mammals, it can spread from one species to another by the mosquito bites. Some characteristics of Nematoda phylum are:
1) Their body structure is triploblastic, bilaterally equal and cylindrical in shape.
2) They show a tissue-level organization.
3) Their body keeps a pouch or pseudocoelom.
Answer:
a. inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that converts cAMP to AMP.
Explanation:
The phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that are capable of breaking phosphodiester bonds such as those between nucleotides in nucleic acids. The Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in intracellular signaling pathways. This molecule (cAMP) is hydrolyzed by the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase, which catalyzes the enzymatic breakdown of phosphodiester bonds (i.e., hydrolyzing cAMP to 5-AMP). The cAMP levels are modulated by the balance between its generation and the degradation via cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
