Which property of ionic bonds is illustrated on the right? What other physical properties does this structure affect?
1 answer:
Answer:
Crystal structure; brittleness
Step-by-step explanation:
The image illustrates the crystal structure of an ionic solid.
This structure affects the brittleness of the solid.
If you strike a sharp blow to the crystal with a hammer, the crystal layers will slide past each other.
The ions with the same charge will repel each other, and the crystal will fly apart.
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Explanation:
A change that does not cause any change in chemical composition of a substance is known as a physical change.
For example, mass, density, volume etc are all physical changes.
On the other hand, a change that brings change in chemical composition of a substance is known as chemical change.
For example, combustion, toxicity, reactivity etc are all chemical changes.
Hence, following statements are identified as chemical or physical changes as follows.
(a) Oxygen gas supports combustion : Chemical change
(b) Fertilizers help to increase agricultural production : Chemical change
(c) Water boils below on top of a mountain : Physical change
(d) Lead is denser than aluminum : Physical change
(e) Uranium is a radioactive element : Chemical change
Answer:
The product is 1-methylcyclopentanol
Explanation:
The acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes involves the addition of a water molecule to a C=C double bond.
H₂O + C=C ⟶ H-C-C-OH
An H atom adds to one of the C atoms, and an OH group adds to the other
This reaction follows Markovnikov’s rule — the H adds to the C atom that has more hydrogen atoms, and the OH adds to the more substituted carbon.
The steps of the mechanism are:
- The aqueous sulfuric acid generates hydronium ions
- The nucleophilic π electrons attack an H atom on the hydronium ion, forming a carbocation on the more substituted C atom.
- The lone pair electrons on a water molecule attack the carbocation , forming an oxonium ion.
- Another water molecule removes the extra proton.
The product is the alcohol with the OH group on the more substituted carbon — 1-methylcyclopentanol.
Calcium nitrate is limiting reactant, since it says there’s excess HCl. So you must use the mass of calcium nitrate in your calculation (see picture below):
