<u>Answer:</u> The correct answer is Option B.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Valence electrons are defined as the electrons which are present in outermost shell of an atom. This is determined by the electronic configuration of an element.
For the given options:
<u>Option A:</u> Vanadium (V)
The atomic number of this atom is 23 and number of electrons that are present are 23. The electronic configuration of vanadium is:
![V:[Ar]3d^34s^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=V%3A%5BAr%5D3d%5E34s%5E2)
This element does not have 3 electrons in 4d-subshell.
<u>Option B:</u> Niobium (Nb)
The atomic number of this atom is 41 and number of electrons that are present are 41. The electronic configuration of niobium is:
![Nb:[Kr]4d^35s^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Nb%3A%5BKr%5D4d%5E35s%5E2)
This element have 3 electrons in 4d-subshell.
<u>Option C:</u> Copper (Cu)
The atomic number of this atom is 29 and number of electrons that are present are 29. The electronic configuration of copper is:
![Cu:[Ar]3d^{10}4s^1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Cu%3A%5BAr%5D3d%5E%7B10%7D4s%5E1)
This element does not have 3 electrons in 4d-subshell.
<u>Option D:</u> Thallium (Tl)
The atomic number of this atom is 81 and number of electrons that are present are 81. The electronic configuration of thallium is:
![Tl:[Xe]4f^{14}5d^{10}6s^26p^1](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Tl%3A%5BXe%5D4f%5E%7B14%7D5d%5E%7B10%7D6s%5E26p%5E1)
This element does not have 3 electrons in 4d-subshell.
Hence, the correct answer is Option B.