Answer:
All the members of a group of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties.
Explanation:
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical behavior.
1) Adding salt on the roads in the winter time,
2) Adding salt to the ice bath when making ice cream.
3) Mixing 2 substances when making coolant for a car.
Given buffer:
potassium hydrogen tartrate/dipotassium tartrate (KHC4H4O6/K2C4H4O6 )
[KHC4H4O6] = 0.0451 M
[K2C4H4O6] = 0.028 M
Ka1 = 9.2 *10^-4
Ka2 = 4.31*10^-5
Based on Henderson-Hasselbalch equation;
pH = pKa + log [conjugate base]/[acid]
where pka = -logKa
In this case we will use the ka corresponding to the deprotonation of the second proton i.e. ka2
pH = -log Ka2 + log [K2C4H4O6]/[KHC4H4O6]
= -log (4.31*10^-5) + log [0.0451]/[0.028]
pH = 4.15
