The answer to your quesition is b
John Smeatom, U.K. 18th century, was the first self-proclaimed, civil engineer in the 18th century and IS considered “the father of modern, civil engineering”.
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Answer:
Answer is c Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
Explanation:
According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle there is always an inherent uncertainty in measuring the position and momentum of a particle simultaneously.
Mathematically

here 'h' is planck's constant
Answer:
The head loss in Psi is 0.390625 psi.
Explanation:
Fluid looses energy in the form of head loss. Fluid looses energy in the form of head loss when passes through the valve as well.
Given:
Factor cv is 48.
Flow rate of water is 30 GPM.
GPM means gallon per minute.
Calculation:
Step1
Expression for head loss for the water is given as follows:

Here, cv is valve coefficient, Q is flow rate in GPM and h is head loss is psi.
Step2
Substitute 48 for cv and 30 for Q in above equation as follows:


h = 0.390625 psi.
Thus, the head loss in Psi is 0.390625 psi.
The thickness of aluminium needed to stop the beam electrons, protons and alpha particles at the given dfferent kinetic energies is 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.
<h3>
Thickness of the aluminum</h3>
The thickness of the aluminum can be determined using from distance of closest approach of the particle.

where;
- Z is the atomic number of aluminium = 13
- e is charge
- r is distance of closest approach = thickness of aluminium
- k is Coulomb's constant = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²/C²
<h3>For 2.5 MeV electrons</h3>

<h3>For 2.5 MeV protons</h3>
Since the magnitude of charge of electron and proton is the same, at equal kinetic energy, the thickness will be same. r = 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.
<h3>For 10 MeV alpha-particles</h3>
Charge of alpah particle = 2e

Thus, the thickness of aluminium needed to stop the beam electrons, protons and alpha particles at the given dfferent kinetic energies is 1.5 x 10⁻¹⁴ m.
Learn more about closest distance of approach here: brainly.com/question/6426420