<span>Friction
can help us play tennis, knock down bowling pins, and cook dinner.</span>
Those two units can be compared to a 'mile per hour' and a 'mile per hour - hour'.
One is a rate. The other is a quantity, after maintaining a rate for some time.
-- 'Joule' is a unit of energy. It's the amount of work (energy) you do
when you push with a force of 1 newton though a distance of 1 meter.
Lifting 10 pound of beans 3 feet off the floor takes about 40.7 joules of energy.
-- 'Watt' is a <u><em>rate</em></u> of using energy . . . 1 joule per second.
If you lift 10 pounds 3 feet off the floor in 1 second, your <em>power</em> is 40.7 watts.
-- 'Watt-second' is the amount of energy used in one second,
at the rate of 1 joule per second . . . 1 joule.
-- 'Watt-hour' is the amount of energy used in one hour,
at the rate of 1 joule per second . . . 3,600 joules.
-- 'Kilowatt' is a bigger <em>rate</em> of using energy . . . 1,000 joules per second.
-- 'Kilowatt - second' is the amount of energy used in one second,
at the rate of 1,000 joules per second . . . 1,000 joules .
-- 'Kilowatt - hour' is the amount of energy used in one hour,
at the rate of 1,000 joules per second . . . 3,600,000 joules .
Depending on where you live, 3,600,000 joules of energy bought
from the electric company costs something between 5¢ and 25¢.
Clarify what you mean by ratios?
Matter either loses or absorbs energy when it changes from one state to another. For example, when matter changes from a liquid to a solid, it loses energy. The opposite happens when matter changes from a solid to a liquid. For a solid to change to a liquid, matter must absorb energy from its surroundings.
Before you start working on any motion problem, YOU decide which direction you're going to call 'positive'. Everybody almost always calls UP positive, and the acceleration of gravity points down, so it winds up negative. But you could just as well call DOWN the positive direction. Then, the cannonball is fired with a negative vertical speed, and the acceleration of gravity eventually robs all of its negative speed, and makes it start falling in the positive direction. The whole thing is your choice.
