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Neporo4naja [7]
3 years ago
9

A hypereutectoid steel often presents hard and brittle cementite along the grain boundaries of pearlite. Which of the following

heat treatments can alleviate this problem by changing the microstructure?(a) Annealing(b) Normalizing(c) Austenizing(d) Spheroidizing(e) Process-annealing
Engineering
1 answer:
Anvisha [2.4K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

(d) Spheroidizing

Explanation:

Spheroidizing

 This is the heat treatment process for steel which having carbon percentage more than 0.8 %.As we know that a hard and brittle material is having carbon percentage more than 0.8 %.That is why this process is suitable for the hard materials.

In this process a hard and brittle materials convert into soft and ductile after this it improve the machine ability as well as improve the tool life.

In this process grain become spheroidal and these grains are ductile.

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For some transformation having kinetics that obey the Avrami equation, the parameter n is known to have a value of 2. If, after
kotegsom [21]

This question is incomplete, the complete question is;

For some transformation having kinetics that obey the Avrami equation, the parameter n is known to have a value of 2. If, after 100 s, the reaction is 40% complete, how long (total time in seconds) will it take the transformation to go to 95% completion

y = 1 - exp( -ktⁿ )

Answer: the time required for 95% transformation is 242.17 s

Explanation:

First, we calculate the value of k which is the dependent variable in Avrami equation

y = 1 - exp( -ktⁿ )

exp( -ktⁿ ) = 1 - y

-ktⁿ = In( 1 - y )

k = - In( 1 - y ) / tⁿ

now given that; n = 2, y = 40% = 0.40, and t = 100 s

we substitute

k = - In( 1 - 0.40 ) / 100²

k = - In(0.60) / 10000

k = 0.5108 / 10000

k = 0.00005108 ≈ 5.108 × 10⁻⁵

Now calculate the time required for 95% transformation

tⁿ = - In( 1 - y ) / k

t = [- In( 1 - y ) / k ]^1/n

n = 2, y = 95% = 0.95 and k = 5.108 × 10⁻⁵

we substitute our values

t = [- In( 1 - 0.95 ) / 5.108 × 10⁻⁵ ]^1/2

t = [2.9957 / 5.108 × 10⁻⁵]^1/2

t = [ 58647.22 ]^1/2

t = 242.17 s

Therefore the time required for 95% transformation is 242.17 s

8 0
3 years ago
To assist in completing this question, you may reference the Animated Technique Video - MALDI-TOF Mass Spectroscopy. Complete th
a_sh-v [17]

Complete Question

The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image.

Answer:

The answer is shown on the second uploaded image

Explanation:

The explanation is also shown on the second uploaded image

3 0
3 years ago
The section of the area to be examined is shown circumscribed by broken lines with circles at
Aloiza [94]

This question is about Circle Geometry. it evaluates connected and broken lines with respect to circles.

<h3>What is Circle Geometry?</h3>

This refers to the body of knowledge in mathematics that has to do with the various problems associated with the Circle.

In real-world scenarios, circle geometry is used in technologies involving:

  • Camera lenses
  • Circular Architectural structures
  • Steering Wheels
  • Buttons etc.

Learn more about Circle Geometry at:
brainly.com/question/24375372

3 0
2 years ago
Consider casting a concrete driveway 40 feet long, 12 feet wide and 6 in. thick. The proportions of the mix by weight are given
Akimi4 [234]

Answer:

Weight of cement = 10968 lb

Weight of sand = 18105.9 lb

Weight of gravel = 28203.55 lb

Weight of water = 5484 lb

Explanation:

Given:

Entrained air = 7.5%

Length, L = 40 ft

Width,w = 12 ft

thickness,b= 6 inch, convert to ft = 6/12 = 0.5 ft

Specific gravity of sand = 2.60

Specific gravity of gravel = 2.70

The volume will be:

40 * 12 * 0.5 = 240 ft³

We need to find the dry volume of concrete.

Dry volume = wet volume * 1.54 (concrete)

Dry volume will be = 240 * 1.54 = 360ft³

Due to the 7% entarained air content, the required volume will be:

V = 360 * (1 - 0.07)

V = 334.8 ft³

At a ratio of 1:2:3 for cement, sand, and gravel respectively, we have:

Total of ratio = 1+2+3 = 6

Their respective volume will be =

Volume of cement = \frac{1}{6}*334.8 = 55.8 ft^3

Volume of sand = \frac{2}{6}*334.8 = 111.6 ft^3

Volume of gravel = \frac{3}{6}*334.8 = 167.4 ft^3

To find the pounds needed the driveway, we have:

Weight = volume *specific gravity * density of water

Specific gravity of cement = 3.15

Weight of cement =

55.8 * 3.15 * 62.4 = 10968 pounds

Weight of sand =

111.6 * 2.60 * 62.4 = 18105.9 lb

Weight of gravel =

167.4 * 2.7 * 62.4 = 28203.55 lb

Given water to cement ratio of 0.50

Weight of water = 0.5 of weight of cement

= 1/2 * 10968 = 5484 lb

4 0
3 years ago
Given the vector current density J = 10rho2zarho − 4rho cos2 φ aφ mA/m2:
Xelga [282]

Answer:

(a) Current density at P is J(P)=180.\textbf{a}_{\rho}-9.\textbf{a}_{\phi} \ (mA/m^2)\\.

(b) Total current I is 3.257 A

Explanation:

Because question includes symbols and formulas it can be misunderstood. In the question current density is given as below;

J=10\rho^2z.\textbf{a}_{\rho}-4\rho(\cos\phi)^2\textbf{a}_{\phi}\\

where \textbf{a}_{\rho} and \textbf{a}_{\phi} unit vectors.

(a) In order to find the current density at a specific point <em>(P)</em>, we can simply replace the coordinates in the current density equation.  Therefore

J(P(\rho=3, \phi=30^o,z=2))=10.3^2.2.\textbf{a}_{\rho}-4.3.(\cos(30^o)^2).\textbf{a}_{\phi}\\\\J(P)=180.\textbf{a}_{\rho}-9.\textbf{a}_{\phi} \ (mA/m^2)\\

(b) Total current flowing outward can be calculated by using the relation,

I=\int {\textbf{J} \, \textbf{ds}

where integral is calculated through the circular band given in the question. We can write the integral as below,

I=\int\{(10\rho^2z.\textbf{a}_{\rho}-4\rho(\cos\phi)^2\textbf{a}_{\phi}).(\rho.d\phi.dz.\textbf{a}_{\rho}})\}\\\\I=\int\{(10\rho^2z).(\rho.d\phi.dz)\}\\\\\\

due to unit vector multiplication. Then,

I=10\int\(\rho^3z.dz.d\phi

where \rho=3,\ 0. Therefore

I=10.3^3\int_2^{2.8}\(zdz.\int_0^{2\pi}d\phi\\I=270(\frac{2.8^2}{2}-\frac{2^2}{2} )(2\pi-0)=3257.2\ mA\\I=3.257\ A

4 0
3 years ago
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