It is because the equator is closer to the sun and because the sun's rays hit the surface of the Earth at a higher angle at the equator. The poles are colder because they don't get direct sunlight. The sun is always low on the horizon.
Answer:
a) FE = 0.764FG
b) a = 2.30 m/s^2
Explanation:
a) To compare the gravitational and electric force over the particle you calculate the following ratio:
(1)
FE: electric force
FG: gravitational force
q: charge of the particle = 1.6*10^-19 C
g: gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m/s^2
E: electric field = 103N/C
m: mass of the particle = 2.2*10^-15 g = 2.2*10^-18 kg
You replace the values of all parameters in the equation (1):

Then, the gravitational force is 0.764 times the electric force on the particle
b)
The acceleration of the particle is obtained by using the second Newton law:

you replace the values of all variables:

hence, the acceleration of the particle is 2.30m/s^2, the minus sign means that the particle moves downward.
An object with more mass has more kinetic energy than an object with less mass, if both objects are moving at the same speed. <em>(c)</em>