According to Lawson's criterion, the outcome is determined by the product of ion density and confinement time because the temperature must be maintained for a sufficient confinement time and with a sufficient ion thickness to obtain a net gain of power from a fusion reaction.
<h3>What are
Lawson's criterion?</h3>
- The overall conditions that must be met in order to produce more energy than is required for plasma heating are usually expressed in terms of the product of ion density and confinement time, a condition known as Lawson's criterion.
- In nuclear fusion devices, confinement time is defined as the amount of time the plasma is kept at a temperature above the critical ignition temperature.
- Even at temperatures high enough to overcome the coulomb barrier to nuclear fusion, a critical density of ions must be maintained in order to achieve a net yield of energy from the reaction.
- Because the density required for a net energy yield is correlated with the confinement time for hot plasma, the minimum condition for a productive fusion reaction is typically stated in terms of the product of ion density and confinement time, which is known as Lawson's criterion.
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Answer:
96%
Explanation
Let A the total area of the galaxy, is modeled as a disc:
A = πR^2 = π (25 kpc)^2
And let a be the area that astronomers are able to see:
a = πr^2 = π(5 kpc)^2
The percentage that can be seen is equal to 100 times the ratio of the areas, of the galaxy and the "visible" part:
P = 100 a/A = (5/25)^2 = 100/25 = 4%
Therefore, the percentage of the galaxy not included, i.e. not seen is:
(100-4)% = 96%
From the information given and if the question is complete then;
Absolute temperature is the temperature in Kelvin
To convert degree Celsius to kelvin we normally add 273
that is Kelvin = deg Celsius + 273
Thus since we have been given that the air was at -70 degrees celcius;
then; - 70° C + 273 = 203 K
Therefore; the absolute temperature is 203 K
Answer:
684J
Explanation:
So basically the formula for gravitational potential energy is Mass X Gravity X height. That is G.p.e = mgh
We don't have the mass but since we have the height, we multiply directly with the height since the quantity of weight is already given.
so G.p.e = 360 X 1.9 = 684J
Note that; The answer is in joules because g.p.e is work done.
Hope that was helpful!!
Answer:
The change in potential energy and kinetic energy are 980 MJ and 148.3 MJ.
Explanation:
Given that,
Mass of aircraft = 10000 kg
Speed = 620 km/h = 172.22 m/s
Altitude = 10 km = 1000 m
We calculate the change in potential energy
For g = 10 m/s²,
The change in potential energy will be 1000 MJ.
We calculate the change in kinetic energy
For g = 10 m/s²,
The change in kinetic energy will be 150 MJ.
Hence, The change in potential energy and kinetic energy are 980 MJ and 148.3 MJ.